Numerous weather events of decades & centuries prior were more heated & deadly, and this was when the outdoor CO2 level was much lower than it is today.

We begin ... you & I ... with the February 2025 surface temperature anomaly report from the United States Climate Reference Network.  The USCRN comprises 114 weather stations.  So, without further ado, let's cut to the chase:

Below:  Now remember, an anomaly is the departure from the average.  In February 2025, the United States had a surface temperature that was 0.36 degrees Fahrenheit BELOW AVERAGE.  In the prior month, the anomaly was MINUS 3.08F.

As a reminder, and for your Peace of Mind, the January 2025 temperature anomaly report is posted directly below.  This is because it sounds too good to be true, and you could use a break from all of the scaremongering done by the mainstream media.  Upon looking at the Jan 2025 report, you will now know that I ain't a lying.

This brings us to a question:  Where is all of this hyper-theatrical, scary campfire story, End-of-the-World-and-we're-all-gonna-die "Global Boiling" that the UN told humanity was transpiring rapidly?  

ANS:  It was all a sales pitch ... a mean-spirited gimmick ... to get more United States taxpayer dollars into the hands of greed-stricken people.  In fact, the greed-stricken ones who bully others for power see the vast population of American citizens as . . . "the Little People."   

There is something pathological in these people's minds, in that they are not fazed or concerned about the United States' 36 TRILLION dollar national debt.  These people simply want money period, mindless of the consequences of a massive debt upon a continent-sized nation.  

In their minds, you are there to serve them.  And remember, auditing of sorts ... in the Dept of Government Efficiency ... has been underway, and it was discovered that tax dollars did get appropriated into the hands of Non-Governmental Organizations, as if these NGOs were government agencies.  

We now adjourn to 1932 America --- 93 years ago, when CO2 was low

The Year 1816 was the Year Without a Summer ... in Eastern America and all of Europe ... due to the Mt Tambora eruption.  In 1932, the Northeast of the United States experienced a year without a winter.   All in all, there was far more of a "Global Warming Climate Crisis" back then, in the early 20th Century ... and in the mid & late 19th Century ... than there has been within any packet of time of the 21st Century.   After all, the entire American Civil War was fought during a drought that actually began four years before the war even started.

In addition, the 1300s, 1416 & 1417, 1452 & 1453, the 1500s, and the 1600s had notable weather disasters, too.  In fact, on Saint Lucy's Feast Day, in mid-December of 1287, the coastline of the Netherlands was rearranged mercilessly.  Even German coastal areas were adversely affected.  Then, in November of 1421, the North Sea had a turbulent encore with the Dutch coastline.

Incidentally, the irony of 1416 & 1417 is that one year was a year of intense flooding, while the other year was the year of drought.  There were many other disastrous years, also. 

And of course,  the tragic St. Lucy event occurred when the CO2 level was very very low;  at 282 ppm.  That's 147 ppm LOWER than today.  Thus, you would be an avowed liar to claim that the St Lucy Day Flood and/or the November 1421 flood were caused by CO2 or methane.  This is because 1] the disasters happened towards the start of Winter, 2] there wasn't enough CO2 to effect air masses due to its low level, and 3] 90% of all greenhouse gases is WATER VAPOR, anyway.   

The bottom line is that Al Gore lied when he said that a rise in CO2 was going to cause a rise in the number and intensity of natural disasters.  The behavior of Pressure Gradient Forcing is what triggers or not triggers turbulence and the ensuing natural disasters that visit Planet Earth.

The Natural Disasters were worse in decades & centuries past ... not today.

The first half of the 20th Century had far more forest fire acreage burnt, mostly spanning from 1927 to 1943.  Floods ended worlds in Asia, even in the 19th Century.  The heatwaves were epic in the early 1910s, early 1920s, and mid 1930s.   Plus, extreme glacier melt in the Swiss Alps did keep making the newspapers in the early 20th Century.

And then came sea storms.  The most deadly hurricane of the Atlantic Basin occurred in 1780.  This prompted the French Navy to sail north toward Yorktown Virginia, during the Hurricane season of 1781.  The result was that a failing new nation got a second chance to become its own sovereignty.  The French preferred to fight the expert English and their General Cornwallis than the winds of the Atlantic Tropics, during Cape Verdi Season.

In comparison to decades and centuries past, there is no Climate Crisis today, because there is no one-sided, habitual trend toward any singular type of weather, be it either:  1] heatwave-only & drought-only weather,  or  2] cold weather only.

In the 21st Century, there has been a see-saw ride where notable hot weather would eventually alternate with record cold weather.  Of course, the media would hide or make little of any cold weather event.  In fact, the early 1990s saw the cold and record snow, while 1998 saw blossoms in February.  

The past 10, 20, and 30 years were NOT a matter of heated weather only ... or a drought-only climate ... or predominate cold weather.  In the 21st Century there has thus far been Diversity in Climate, within Cyclical Intervals of Time.   

I already line-itemized the record cold events of the past two decades.  This included a 13-day time span in 2021, when over 9,000 cold/low records were either tied or broken.  This also included a number of Antarctic records, in August & September of the same year.  In fact, the Winter of 2021 was the coldest one in Antarctic history. 

*******************

Let us take a look at some of the many historic receipts, otherwise known as historic pieces of evidence, and also known as the printed record. 

This particular post will cover two decisive events, before it covers the 1925 summertime heatwave & the March 18th, 1925 Tri-State Tornado:  1} The Winter of 1932 and 2} the Great Mississippi River Flood of 1927.    The 1925 tornado remains the most deadly & destructive tornado in American history.

The point to doing this is to show ... yet again ... that historic weather disasters occurred during times of low CO2 levels.  This shows that Al Gore was completely wrong when he claimed that the rise in CO2 would cause more natural disasters such, as hurricanes, to strike with more intensity.  And of course, the opposite of the Category 6 hurricane transpired.   There turned out to be more short-duration cyclones, along with cyclones too weak to be categorized as hurricanes.  Such things are called tropical storms.

Numerous photo-copies of newspaper articles are already posted at the Blue Marble Album.  So too are charts and graphs, as well as statistical tables.  If you don't want to read the text of any post here, then at least look at the charts, tables, and graphs here.  And if you don't want to read the historic newspaper articles posted here in photo-copy form, then at least look at the headlines and sub-headlines of them, as well as the dates of each one's publication.

In 1932, the CO2 level was 308 ppm.  That's 121 ppm LOWER than it is today.  Moreover, 90% of all Greenhouse Gases ... by volume ... is WATER VAPOR and not CO2.  The fact that exceptional warming occurred in 1932, 1934, 1936, and even in 1896, 1905, 1911, 1921, etc shows that the Al Gore CO2 Climate Driver Theory is a fraud.  You can't deny this without being an avowed liar.

 Below is another newspaper article on the exceptionally mild Winter of 1932 which literally placed the Winter Olympics "on hold."

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Below:  As far back as 1932, it was reported that, for the previous 25 years (1907-1932), the United States had "increasingly warmer winters."  Therefore, all of the present mainstream media hype about "global warming" today is nothing new, at all.  Such "global warming news reporting" occurred over ninety and one hundred years ago.  In fact, natural disasters of distant decades and distant centuries were worse than the majority of events in the past dozen years.  

Between 2012 and 2025, there have been many record cold weather events, including the coldest Antarctic Winter in recorded history.  Yet, the media made it look as if only heated weather events have been occurring.  The media also made it look as if the recent natural disasters never happened before.

In as much, during the 2016 Democrat Party National Convention, Sigourney Weaver LIED to humanity, when she said, "This we have never seen before."  Oh, mankind sure as Hell has seen it before, Sigourney, and at a much worse intensity, and tragically so.  

This includes sea storms, droughts, heatwaves, forest fires, dust storms, pestilence, crop failure & famine, flooding, landslides, tornadoes, cold spells, blizzards, glacier growth, glacier melting, and let us not forget plagues ... epidemics ... pandemics ... the end of world after world on Planet Earth.  

Ending the use of natural gas stoves and gasoline automobiles will NOT end the atmospheric turbulence & natural disasters which resulted in so much suffering throughout the centuries ... especially centuries of low CO2 levels.

Of course, Sigourney was just an actress, and actresses play make-believe.  Well, in 2016, Sigourney definitely was playing make-believe in front of America.   It's now the Year 2025.  We're tired of make-believe.  We want reality, instead.

                 *********************************************************************

1927:  Year of a great flood, when outdoor CO2 was 305 ppm ... 124 ppm LESS THAN TODAY.

In the 1927 sub-headline above, Columbus refers to Columbus Kentucky.

                                                                                     

In 1927, the CO2 level was a very low 305 ppm.  That's 124 ppm LOWER THAN TODAY.

  The lesson here is to quit listening to Al Gore, Michael Mann, Jim Hansen, Attenborough and their Congressional backers such as the very dishonest SHELDON WHITEHOUSE.  Spending your life as one of their many Useful Idiots is not a very fulfilling life.

           ***********************************************************************

            Also in 1927 was the reporting of ... Glacier Melt ... all when the CO2 level was very low.

********************************************************************

 

We now adjourn to the Heatwave of 1925, so that you may gain insight on how we are not in any type of never-before-witnessed "climate crisis."  Contrary to that which Sigourney Weaver said in 2016, all of "THIS" we have seen before, and at greater degrees of intensity.

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  Below:  It's only the first half of the 1925 newspaper article.  The second half of it immediately                            follows.  And of course, both halves of the report are posted pursuant to 17 USC 107.                                                     

                                            *************************************

Below:  This is the second half of the June 8, 1925 Nelson Evening Mail edition, at Page 5

***********************************************************************

The most destructive tornado in American history occurred in 1925, when the CO2 level was low.

Humanity was constantly being told that natural disasters are getting more frequent & more intense, in the hyper-theatrical sound bytes of Joe Biden, Al Gore, and the Secretary General of the UN, as well as others.  Well, if this is true, then answer this question:

Why was the most destructive TORNADO in history one that formed 100 years ago, on March 18, 1925?  If we are presently in a Climate Crisis, then the most deadly tornado, most deadly hurricane, and most severe drought would have happened within the past ten to fifteen years.   But, these disasters transpired 91, 100, and 245 years ago, thereby proving Al Gore and Michael Mann to be liars ... or at the least ... incompetent.  In fact, as was already reported in this Blue Marble Album, the longest Southwestern America drought was found to have occurred in the late 13th Century.  You have to quit listening to Al Gore, CNN, the UN, MSNBC, etc.

One important note about tornado formation, in this era when the media keeps squawking "global warming" and similar bumper sticker slogans:  For a tornado to form there absolutely needs to be a COLD DOWNDRAFT.  This is why meteorologists mention, "Tornado Season."  Thus, global warming doesn't cause tornadoes.  Two winds which are positioned to combine with each other and construct a vortex do.  

The first tornado recorded in America occurred in 1643, in Essex County Massachusetts.  Tornadoes were also recorded in 1671, 1680, 1761, 1787, etc.  None the less, not all tornadoes that occurred before 1950 were placed in the record books.  Only significant ones were counted.  None the less, the worst Tornado Outbreak in America occurred in  April of 1974.  It produced 148 tornados and reached 13 states, along with having reached Ontario Canada.  

And of course, in response to Sigourney Weaver stating, " 'this' we have never seen before,"  when it comes to tornadoes, we have seen it before, thousands of times.  Among the worse tornado outbreaks, there also was one on Palm Sunday 1965, one in 1917, and the one in 1962, when 188 tornadoes touched-down in 25 American States.  Extreme weather events were not limited to the 21st Century only.  It has always been wrong to claim so. 

A quick review on the formation of tornadoes

Ultimately speaking, the ingredients which causes a tornado to emerge in ferocity is  CONVECTIVE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGY.  This arrives in the form of thunderstorms, after high dry air becomes a downdraft and mixes with warm air that uplifts.  

In fact, that which is needed to occur upon the thunderstorms that turn into tornadoes is 1] Wind shear,  2] Lift,  3] the Baroclinic Instability which creates the turbulence,  4] Moisture which is actual presence of liquid water, as opposed to gaseous water vapor.  BTW,  the pre-storm liquid water is always in trace amounts.

Moreover, without wind shear, the resulting low "Storm Relative Helicity" (twisting potential) will not create a mesocyclone.  But, you can get ferocious thunderstorms.  You might also get shorted-lived "airmass" thunderstorms, also.  

One more thing, during the Biden Years, certain scientists starting using the phrase, "atmospheric river."  That phrase actually began at MIT in the 1990s.  The phrase has a way of scaring novices in atmospheric science.  Yet, it refers to a narrow band of water vapor.  An atmospheric river is bordered by differing fronts called frontal zones, and it forms over ocean water.  The most famous one is the Pineapple Express.  Now, a river of vapor doesn't sound too dangerous, once you know what the true definition of atmospheric river is.

As far as goes scientists' attempt to report the weather in hyper-theatrical degrees, know that things in that sky have been the same ... between intervals of time ... for centuries.   Thus, a typical cloud today weighs as much as clouds did 3,000 years old.  

A white fluffy cloud looks quite harmless.  But, it could seem to be something terrifying by adding one simple fact in a news report.  The average, ordinary, everyday, run-of-the-mill cloud in the sky weighs approximately one million pounds.  It sounds dangerous.  But, it's the same type of cloud you have been seeing since childhood.  And when a cloud descends to the Earth's surface, it's called fog.   Fog can't hit you in the head hard enough to give you a concussion.  Fog has the strength of chiffon.   Only fear fog when driving a vehicle. 

And of course, scientists try to make the weather sound scary ... as if things are now occurring which never happened previously ... in order to trick the US Congress into shelling-out outrageously large sums of Congressional funding to these hyper-theatrical scientists.  It has all been a swindle done by grifters.

Powerful Tornado Outbreaks in quick review

.

Now, the most powerful tornado in known history formed in Smithville, Mississippi, on April 27th of 2011.  It was part of a Super Cell which included 70 tornadoes in all.   Then there was the Great Plains Tornado Outbreak of early May 1999.  That was when multiple super cell thunderstorms created 70 tornadoes which made marks on Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas.  However, the March 1925 Tornado was the most costly one upon human life.  It was the most deadly of them all.

Below:  The Tri-State Tornado of March 18, 1925 started in Missouri, crossed through Southern Illinois, and even entered Indiana.  And keep in mind that this was when the outdoor CO2 level was low.

  

Officially speaking, the Death Toll turned out to be 695 people.  The suddenness of a tornado is its most terrifying feature.  In America, it has been common to have over one thousand ... even over 1,200 & 1,700 ... tornadoes each year.  This translates into over ten thousand tornadoes in America per decade, ever since thorough & high-tech detection & record-keeping has been established.

For more info on the March 1925 Tri-State Tornado:

See: https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a1965/4219866/

See also:  https://www.chicagotribune.com/2025/03/17/vintage-the-tri-state-tornado-ravaged-illinois-in-1925-killing-roughly-700-people/

The Claim of 101F Florida Ocean Water Is 101% Fraud. It was Everglade "run-off" water from the "Taylor Slough" & Mangrove Swamp.

The real ocean water in the vicinity, at the time, was 86F, instead.

The following has been written by an alumnus of one of Florida's coastal universities.  And of course, every coastal university in Florida had an oceanography department.

On July 25th & 26th, media outlets of all categories were reporting that ocean water off of South Florida reached a record-breaking high temperature of 101F, and that this was proof that the planet is in a climate crisis.  The UN Sec-Gen claimed that Planet Earth was now in the phase of Global "Boiling."

The media then mentioned that this 101F reading was at Manatee Bay, as if Manatee Bay were a large and integral part of the Atlantic Ocean.  Therefore, take note that Manatee Bay is a shallow and insignificant shoreline basin that is NOT even worthy to be named on Florida maps.  It's inside of "Barne's Sound," near a Hwy 1 bridge.

Now, the media stated that the 101F reading came from a buoy.  This deceptively made it sound as if the 101F temperature existed three or four miles away from the Florida shoreline.  The reality is that the 101F temperature came from estuary water which, in turn, was actually Everglade run-off water from Mangrove Swamp ... and even water from something known as the Taylor Slough.  All in all, the measurement was that of swamp water, very near shore and very near Hwy 1 which is also called, the South Dixie Hwy.   

On the day reported, the true nearby ocean water was 86F, and this temperature was about three degrees BELOW average.  That amounts 15 degrees Fahrenheit LESS THAN the crisis-stage temperature falsely reported.   It's time for some journalists to be fired.    . 

Plus, the media also reported that the area underwent coral bleaching.  Stop there.  Another false light deception.  Penalty marker time.  This only happened in Islamadora which is 18 miles southwest of Key Largo.  It is located on the main archipelago, and it's known for its "fly fishing."  

Key Largo is also on the same archipelago.  Across the Florida Bay from Key Largo is Mangrove Swamp, and in between the two places is Cross Keys.  Lots of keys in the Florida Keys, and lots of run-off water too.

Posted directly below here is a second map, in order to clarify how much of a deliberate farce this 101F report was and is.  The bottom line is that the news media was reporting on SWAMP run-off water ... and NOT Atlantic Ocean water which is technically on the southeastern side of the South Florida Archipelago where one finds Key Largo and Key West.  Furthermore, if you travel southwest from Key West, you will find yourself in the Florida Straits which pass northern Cuba.

On the map above, Manatee Bay is located where the red circled #4 is located.  Take note that it's semi-surrounded to its east,  by a small archipelago.  North Key Largo is at the top righthand side of this map, on the main archipelago.  Key Largo is at lower central, on the same archipelago.  

At the lower lefthand corner, it is written "Florida Bay."  Technically, the whole area, including very insignificant Manatee Bay, is Florida Bay, until you reach the long archipelago.   The important feature is that the current of the Southern Florida border travels west to east.  

East of the archipelago is regarded to be the Atlantic Ocean --- the Florida Straits.   The true ocean water there, at the time of the 101F swamp water run-off reading was approximately 84.9F to 86F.   Average for July is 89.1F.

The Hwy 1 which is seen on the two maps above is actually the South Dixie Hwy.  The locals call it "the Stretch."  That highway --- that "stretch" --- travels over Surprise Lake, into Key Largo.  Then it suddenly becomes the Overseas Highway.  If you go south on the Overseas Highway for 98 miles, you will arrive at Key West.  

And of course, the ocean water between Cuba and Florida is the Straits of Florida.  That water is quite different than ye olde estuary shoreline runoff water.

Quick lesson:  Estuary water is actually where river water meets an area subject to the tides; where river water becomes effected by tidal action --- and where river water mixes with salt water.  

The bottom line here is that the true ocean water temperature in the area was 15 or so degrees Fahrenheit LOWER than what was claimed by media anchormen & women who are basically clueless and uneducated in matters of atmospheric science and oceanography.

Note:   The source of this article includes the temperature data from the United States' own NCEI-NOAA.  A reference link to that government entity is posted below, at the very end of this post.

One more preliminary statement, to show the hypocrisy of Climate Hysteria Activists

It's now said that fresh water run-off from the Florida Everglades and elsewhere must stop, or else the Atlantic Ocean's Gulf Stream will have reduced saltiness and will then stop moving --- at least beginning at the 45th Parallel.  This includes the temporary & seasonal ice melt run-off of Greenland.  Okay then, explain to me how the Climate Hysteria activists are in a state of cricketed silence on the following:

During every second of every hour of every day of every week of every month of every year of every decade of every century, for thousands of years:

4 MILLION GALLONS of fresh Mississippi River water has been flowing into the Mississippi Delta and emptying itself into the salty Atlantic Ocean.  How do you explain that the Gulf Stream has been flowing sufficiently and effectively throughout millennia, despite the massive fresh-water contribution made to it every minute for the last 4,000 years?  What is the point in stopping Everglade run-off water, while a much more massive amount of fresh water flows into the Atlantic Ocean hourly?

Concerning the 4 million gallon claim, if you don't believe it, then you need to see:

https://a-z-animals.com/blog/4-million-gallons-per-second-and-7-other-incredible-facts-about-the-mississippi-river/

The Amazon River discharges approximately ten times more fresh water into the Atlantic Ocean.  In fact, the Orinoco River discharges almost twice as much fresh water into the Atlantic Ocean as does the Mississippi.

Moreover, the Uruguay & Parana Rivers eventually flow into the Atlantic via the Rio de la Plata Estuary.   The Congo River (of Zaire) has twice the discharge flow into the Atlantic that the Mississippi does, and the Ganges River is slightly stronger than the Congo River.  

The Yangtze River has 1.5 times the discharge flow of the Mississippi.  The Yenisei River is as powerful as the Mississippi, as it's the 5th longest river and the largest one to drain into the Arctic Ocean.  Moreover, the Lena also drains into the Arctic, and it's the longest river within Russia.  

Then comes the Saint Lawrence River and its discharge of fresh Great Lakes waters into the North Atlantic Ocean.  Yet, scientists complain of season ice melt and discharge of a Greenland which is mostly frozen.  Also comes the phenomenon of Arctic waters being super cooled, meaning that such water doesn't freeze, even at 31F, 30F, and 29.7F.  All of the aforementioned makes the Greenland ice melt contribution to the Atlantic extremely insignificant.  Think:  The Saint Lawrence & the Mississippi, along with the Lena & Yenisei, and even the Ob River (of Siberia.).  

In Review ... restated ... for victims of the American Public School System who were not taught to think, but to rattle of bumper sticker slogans mindlessly.

In July of 2023, it was reported that coastal ocean water near Southern Florida reached "the possible record-breaking temperature" of 101F ... or at least 100F.  Stop.  Big lie.  Penalty Marker Time.   Let's get this correct, for the sake of a constantly deceived public.

To start, the actual time when this 101F thermometer reading was alleged to have occurred was July 24th or so.  Available herein are the official coastal water temperature stats for July 28, compliments of the NCEI-NOAA.   

Now, as a preview: The actual coastal ocean water temp at the time was 86 degrees Fahrenheit.   Next:

[1a] The water that was measured was NOT ocean water.  It was NOT "coastal water."  It was estuary water, located between two pieces of land, and NOT located out in the ocean.  The water which was measured (via buoy) is extremely close to the Florida Everglades, on its northwest ... and Florida Bay on it's west southwest.  This translates into marsh water which can be as hot as a sports team's whirlpool in the training room.  And we are talking about a very shallow water basin.

[1b] In other words, the water measured was Everglade Runoff Water, and a few years ago --- I think it was in 2017, if memory serves me correctly --- that same water measured at 102F.  Yet, nobody was squawking, running out into the streets, screaming that it was the End of the World.  None the less, the water there is very shallow and the area involved is the border between marsh water and salt water.

[2a] Now, the general area involves water that runs through "the Taylor Slough," into the Florida Bay.  The slough, incidentally, was designed to provide water to the Florida Everglades which are located on the Southwestern tip of the state.  

[2b] Also involved is a manmade canal that was built in 1968 and then recently altered.  It's known as the C-111 Canal; the C-111 "Spreader" Canal.  It was originally designed to send water through the Everglades, followed by the water running off at the southern border of Florida.  Next came the decision to prevent fresh water from rolling off into the Atlantic Ocean as much as is possible.  That resulted in the C-111 "Spreader" project which is completely pointless in light of the fact that the Mississippi River, at New Orleans, unleashes 4 million gallons of FRESH (unsalted) water into the salty Gulf of Mexico per second.  

[2c] This is why it is such hypocrisy for Climate Hysteria Salesmen to obsess people with the seasonal "ice melt run-off from Greenland" (into the Atlantic Ocean), all the while claiming that it's going to cause a Siberian England, the halt of the Atlantic Ocean, and the End of the World.  

[2d] Incidentally, in order to get the Atlantic Ocean to stop flowing, you must stop the rotation of the Earth.  Plus, you must then rid Planet Earth of either all low pressure systems or all high pressure systems.  That is to say, in order to get the Atlantic Ocean to stop moving, you must stop the winds from blowing, as well as stopping the Earth from rotating.  Do you yet see how incredibly asinine the Climate Change activists & politicians are?  They are literally a danger to society, whenever they are in power.

[2e] In addition, the same Southern Florida Everglades Region is quite close to the Dixie Highway which suddenly becomes the Overseas Hwy, upon crossing a bridge.  That highway literally takes you to Key West.  Locals call the Dixie Hwy "the Stretch."

[3a] As far as goes real coastal ocean water in the area which is measured regularly for its temperature, the two nearest places would undoubtedly be Vaca Key and Duck Key.  Now, the temperature of water changes much slower than does air above land.  After all, water has much more heat capacity, and this particular topic is for another post.  None the less, as of July 28, 2023 (July 29 in Coordinated Universal Time), the ocean water temperature near Vaca Key was 86.0F.  The July average there is 89.1F.  At Duck Key, the ocean water was 84.9F, and it's July average is 87.4F.  This was three or four days after the super bogus & hysterical climate news report.

[3b]  Concerning the keys, the northern area is mostly coral.  The southern sector is mostly sandbar.  There about 1,500 to 1,700 islands in the Florida keys.

[4] During this time, the ocean water surrounding the United States' southern states predominately ranged in temperature between the low-to-mid 80s Fahrenheit and 90F.  In one rare section near Texas, it rose to 94.1F, and that's it.  Later in the month was a 94.1F off of Louisiana, and that was it.  Nothing else higher.

[5] So, the July 2023 reality is this:  During the general time span when the ocean water temps were said to have reached 101F, they actually were 3.3 degrees Fahrenheit BELOW AVERAGE in one nearby area of coastal water, and 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit BELOW AVERAGE in another nearby section of the Atlantic Ocean.  All in all, that area which was said to have been 101F was actually 14 to 16 degrees Fahrenheit BELOW 101F.  It wasn't even close to what the Climate Hysteria Media claimed.  

This is yet another piece of evidence which shows that the "Global Warming," "Climate Change," "Climate Crisis," "Global Boiling" activists are lying con artists . . . of very low intelligence.  They are of very low intelligence, because it is soooooo easy to catch their lies and con games.  Concerning the fact that all Florida coastal water temperatures were very much BELOW 100F, see for yourself, below:

Below is the July 28th report.  If I had learned of the 101F temperature report sooner, I would have gone to the NCEI tally board sooner.  

To the righthand side of the government chart (above) are the monthly averages.  This photocopy is "truncated."  It was cut at the righthand side, after the July monthly average column.  At the righthand side of each row's blue-tinted temperature number is the average temp for Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, and July.  Aug to Dec was cut-out, for convenience.  

All in all, the hottest temp in the Southern Florida waters at the time was 89-90F, around Key West, Florida.  Nowhere was it anywhere near 101F.  As far as goes as any ocean temperature being in the critical end-of-the-world-and-we-are-gonna-die-tomorrow stage:  Nada.  Niente. Give-me-a-break. Take-a-hike, you-tax-dollar-thieves.

Now, if you want to see all of the coastal ocean water temperatures around America ... and their monthly average temps for each month ... go to the following site.  There is where you will be able to see if the "Climate Crisis" & "Global Boiling" activists are honest people or a bunch of deliberate liars, in quest of fraudulently gained U.S. taxpayer funding and deceptively gained NGO grants:

National Centers for Environmental Information, Coastal Water Guide, found at:

https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/coastal-water-temperature-guide/all_table.html

Adiabatic heating, global convection cells, the hockey stick graph.

a} That which is called the result of "global warming" is actually the result of Adiabatic Heating which occurs on the the Leeward Side of mountain ranges.   This is because, as clouds rise up the Windward Side of a mountain range, they release moisture during the ascent.  This is known as the process of Orographic Lifting.  This lifting of a cloud mass accompanies the release of "orographic rain" as the clouds' ascent continues.  By the time the same air mass reaches the top, all that is left is a cold & dry parcel of air which descends the mountain range and compresses upon its descent, thereby sending forth dry & heated air.  The creates deserts, such as California's Death Valley.

b} The dry air parcels which descend mountain tops are called :::  ~Foehn Winds,  ~Chinook Winds,  ~Santa Ana Winds,  &  ~Down-sloping Winds.   As a dry air parcel descends a mountaintop, it encounters higher & heavier pressured air which easily exists at the surface of the Earth.  As a result, the down-sloping air compresses and shrinks in size.  This causes the molecules within it to collide and vibrate more aggressively, resulting in a sudden rise in temperature. 

c1a} Proof that this dryness is the result of Adiabatic Warming, and NOT co2-driven Global Warming, exists in the fact that, when you are out West, you notice that the clouds in the sky never cross over the mountain tops.  The clouds stay on one side.  

 c1b} Incidentally, I'm the son of a native Wyoming gal.  In fact, I have literally been at the southernmost tip of the Rocky Mountains, in New Mexico.  I witnessed it personally.  I was there.   

At this point it would suffice to state that the vast majority of Climate Change activists need to do something called, "go outside," and not merely to the park.  People who worked in the outdoors hour after hour and year after year have a more clear understanding of weather behavior, simply by means of decades of experience.   Back to the matter hand:

c2} Examples of deserts created by Adiabatic Heating also inlcude the Red Desert of Wyoming, in the center south of the State.   Plus, the center of Oregon has a desert located east of the Cascades and south of the Blue Mountains.  The Leeward Side of California is desert land extraordinaire, and it was that condition long before 21st Century co2 levels increased.  Etc go the examples.  

c3} Plus, the super large deserts of the Earth are all on the 30th parallel (north & south) wherever the desert was not the result of Leeward Adiabatic Warming.  30th Parallel deserts were caused by very large "convection cells."

Example  ===>  The Sahara Desert is the size of the USA, and 6,000 years ago the Sahara was a lush forest/jungle, with cave wall drawings that looked like the ones in France.   This time span is known as the African Humid Period.  There were no gasoline engines to turn the Sahara into a desert.  It was a major convection cell at the 30th Parallel that caused it.  The super large convection cell still exists.  It's presently called the Hadley Cell of the Northern Hemisphere.

When viewing Globes or maps, do not forget the 23.5 degree tilt (aka obliquity) of the Earth.

The geometry of the vast Sahara region and the northern hemispheric Hadley Cell.

 And then there is the alternating of directional ocean flow between El Nino & La Nina ocean oscillations, at the Equator.  This is when ocean water does NOT travel like a rotating gyroscope, but rather, the current-flow travels west to east to eventually west again, etc.  The El Nino & La Nino equatorial currents travel between Longitudes 120E & 80W, and it has had a huge effect on American and Australian weather. 

An El Nino event is one that starts during late December and endures for approximately four years (from 2 - 7 yrs, actually).  It was named after the Christ Child, and it is associated with heat in the American Continent.  La Nina is the eventual counteraction of those equatorial ocean currents, and it is associated with colder than usual temperatures on the American Continent.  The Year 1998 was an El Nino Year.  It was associated with a warm American Winter which frightened everyone who had no experience in atmospheric science.  Yet, it was pleasurable.  It was the Winter of little shivering.

The El Nino Southern Oscillation is abbreviated ENSO. 

At this point, it is important to note that, throughout the rest of the Earth, the ocean surfaces are composed of massive GYRES which rotate like gigantic gyroscopes.  This is why ocean waves crash into the shoreline at an angle, instead of doing so in a straight line.  This angular wave motion is one of many proofs that the Earth is round, and it involves something known as the Coriolis Effect which you can look-up at your convenience.

The Coriolis Effect also involves something known as Eckman Transport which can refute one of Al Gore's paranoiac claims about climate doom in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean.  Gore and his team claimed that fresh-water ice from Greenland will progressively melt into the Atlantic, thereby lessening the ocean's salt content, and thereby causing the ocean to stop circulating and to cause an Ice Age in England.  Well, if such a melting scenario were possible, it would only result in suppression of ocean down-welling and upwelling.   In order to get the oceans to stop moving, you need to stop the rotation of the Earth and you need to stop the formation of wind.

Incidentally, if you want to identify a climate fraud, simply ask that person this:  "What is the definition of wind?"  The fraud won't know the answer.  Wind is high pressure air traveling toward low pressure air ... denser air making a route to empty itself into air with less compacted air parcels.  It's high pressure gravitating toward low pressure.   You can even effectively define wind as high pressure air chasing low pressure air.   The concept is understood as such.

Upwelling involves the providing of nutrients to sea life which abides in the Euphotic Zone.  Concerning this, nature apparently has within it compensatory features throughout the Earth.  Nature apparently has a Plan B, when upwelling is mitigated or halted.  This is because a certain food source unexpectedly super-multipled as of recently, and such a thing will prevent any environmental oceanic crisis caused by the blocking of upwelling.  It's called coccolithophore phytoplankton.  In fact, there is an area in the Gulf of Mexico which used to be called the Dead Zone, due to the negligent draining of residual industrial fertilizer there, via the Mississippi River.  It's back to life now, and a major presence there is the coccolithophore phytoplankton.

Concerning the effort to understand ocean down-welling, it is needed to look-up Pycnocline.

This discourse also omits mention of Sublimation and Deposition.   Sublimation is when ice turns into vapor without going through the melted liquid stage.  Deposition is when vapor suddenly turns into ice.   

Two points to make about sublimation, before we move on:  A sign that sublimation has occurred is that the ice is jagged.  When ice is partially jagged and only partially smoothed-out, that's the result of partial sublimation, needless to say.  

The greatest example of sublimation is at the top of the Himalaya Mountains.  The greatest example of partial sublimation is seen on the walls of calving ice.  Contrary to mainstream media's explanation thereof, calving ice is NOT the result of melting ice.  Melting ice simply recedes.  It does not perform a grand dive into the ocean.  Calving is the result of an increase of snow toward the center of a landmass, pushing out the snow at the shorelines.  Yes, calving is the sign of increased snow, while calving ice walls are partially jagged and partially smoothed-out.  

Concerning the Thermohaline Circulation which is not to be confused with the Thermocline

An activist giving a speech might simultaneously show a world map projection marked with a colorful band/line traveling through the Indian and Atlantic Oceans.  It looks like a ribbon.  This can deceive the untrained public into assuming that the water motion symbolized by the ribbon is located at the surface of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.  Well, the previously mentioned gigantic OCEAN GYRES are what exist at the surface of the oceans.  In fact, the massive gyre in the American side of the Atlantic ocean is called the Sargasso Sea.  Al Gore is not a good teacher, in his withholding too many facts.

 

From the United States National Ocean Service --- (the NOS)

Being that ocean gyres are important in understanding how much of a fraud the Al Gore people have been, one needs to understand the Coriolis Effect.  This involves the rotation and tilt of the Earth (aka the Earth's "obliquity").  Firstly, the Earth presently tilts at 23.5 degree slant. Secondly, the Earth is revolving around the sun at 66,660 miles per hour.  At the Equator it rotates around itself at 1,037 miles per hour.  Moreover, the Earth's Rotation Speed at various latitudes go as follows, in miles per hour (mph) :::

10 degrees: 1021mph    20 deg:  975mph    30 deg: 898mph    40 deg: 795mph

50 degrees:  667mph     60 deg:  519mph    70 deg: 355mph    80 deg: 180mph

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Now, keep in mind also that the warmest latitude on Earth is NOT always the Equator.  The warmest latitude is the Summertime Tropic,  at 23.5 degrees,  if a Summertime is in progress, as opposed to an Autumn or Springtime. 

Spring vs Autumn CO2 Levels

Speaking of Springtime, Al Gore stated in his first science fiction movie that, during Springtime, co2 is abundant, and during autumn's harvest season, co2 levels in the atmosphere are low.  The truth is that the difference between the Springtime level of co2 and the Autumn level is no more than 2%.  It's merely a 2% difference.  Again, Gore was a terrible teacher.

Heat's Entrance & Exit Rates at the Earth's Various Latitudes

It would also have helped for someone to have admitted that, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, the following occurs ===> From the 40th parallel of both hemispheres to the poles of both hemispheres, more heat exits Planet Earth's atmosphere into outer space than enters Earth's atmosphere from outer space.  The Earth's only viable source of heat is the Sun, and the Earth's storehouse of heat mostly exists from Latitude 40 degrees N to Latitude 40 degrees S  ...  or visa-versa.

Two more things, regarding this :::  1} The Earth is FARTHEST from the Sun during the Northern Hemisphere's Summer and the Southern Hemisphere's Winter.   2} The Earth spins from West to East.

Their Failed Doomsday Predictions & Hypocrisy

The Global Warmists failed in ALL of their doomsday predictions, mostly made circa 1988.  All of the predicted climate doom was supposed to have been complete by 2018-2020.  In fact, during this present time span, when the media obsessively barks out "Climate Change," Antarctica recently had it coldest day in recorded history, so recorded by satellite technology ::: a MINUS 135.7.  

Furthermore, in 2021, the same Antarctica had its coldest six-month period on record.  Even the prejudiced & slanted CNN reported that fact.  BTW, this Antarctic six month period is more commonly known as WINTER.  

Also in 2021,from Feb 7 to Feb 20, 9,027 cold temperature records in America were either tied or broken.  That's a sure sign that the phenomenon of NOT-Global-Warming is occurring throughout the Earth.  The temperature gets evened-out in such scenarios.

Let us review a samples of failed Climate Change predictions :::  

~The Maldives were predicted to be underwater by 2018.  In 2022, the Maldives are alive and well, with financially affluent human life there.  

~ The glaciers of Glacier National park were supposed to be gone by 2020.   Actually, there were originally predicted to have been gone by 1948.  They are still there, and a lot of snowplowing goes on at Glacier National in April, May, and even June, to make the tourist roads clear. 

~And of course, the Arctic Ocean's sea ice didn't completely or even almost melt away in any Summer since the 1988, or in any Summer since 1388.  However, in 1904 was the sailing of the Northwest Passage, slightly north of Alaska and the such.  

The least amount of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean was during the Summer of 2012.  The remaining ice there was still 1.32 million square miles in size.  In fact, to travel over the Arctic Ocean's 2012 Summertime sea ice sheet was equivalent to driving from Fargo North Dakota to San Diego California, as well as driving from the Southern border of New Mexico to the northern border of Montana.   That is a lot of road travel.  That is a lot of Summertime ice.   Etc go the examples of failed doomsday prophecies. 

There turned out to be a great irony in the Climate Doomsayers having selected of the Year 2020 as the predicted year of completed melting.  It goes as follows:  In the month of May 2020, North American towns & cities underwent 233 record low temperatures vs a mere 18 record highs for the same month.

See and hear: 233 record lows in month of May 2020

In fact:  Antarctica's massive Ross Ice Shelf (the size of Spain) was found to be crystalizing at its bottom, instead of melting in any degree thereof.  This was discovered by New Zealand scientists, and it was a decisive discovery:

See:  The Crystalizing of the Ross Shelf

Incidentally, the Arctic Ocean is the exact same size as is the Antarctic Continent; 5.5 million sq miles.  One more thing ::: The largest and driest desert on Planet Earth is not the Sahara.  It's Antarctica.

BTW, Barack Obama purchased an oceanside mansion located at Massachusetts' Martha's Vineyard.  The president who claimed that ocean levels would tragically rise is literally at an ocean's shoreline, living in luxury.  And Obama cannot claim that he solved any co2-driven Global Warming problem, because co2 levels rose throughout Obama's presidency and throughout every year after his presidency.  None the less, during the final years of his tenure, co2 emissions in America did decline.  But, it had no worldwide effect.  CO2 emissions in the United States also declined during the tenure of President Donald Trump.

In sequence, Hypocrite Extraordinaire, John Kerry, purchased an $11.75 million beachfront mansion which is also in Martha's Vineyard.  It's within walking distance of the ocean shoreline.  In fact, Kerry owns 18 acres of land there.  The logical surmise is that Mr. I'm-Leaving-on-a-Jet-Plane apparently has no belief that the oceans will rise and cause 18 acres of beachfront property to be submerged.  

In 2020, Bill and Melinda Gates spent $43 million on an oceanfront mansion in Del Mar California, doing so the year prior to them parting company and going their separate ways as much as is possible for billionaires in charge of a charity organization.  Yet, Bill Gates repeatedly warns of sea level rise and the eventual submerging of shoreline property.  He spent $43 million on shoreline property.

In the 1970s, there were warnings of Global Cooling and an oncoming Ice Age.

The Climate Doomsday Forecasts of the 1970s involved the conjecture that a mini ice age might be returning.   The '70s involved the "decline" mentioned in the infamous Climategate emails of 2009.  Very simply, it got really cold back then, and this was only 120 years after the last mini ice age ended. Refer to newspaper and magazine archives, to prove that articles were being written on the decline of temperatures throughout the 1960s & 1970s.  I was there, as a young child and then as a teenager.  It was cold in the Wintertime.  It was really cold.

Then came the Global Warming Scare, on June 23, 1988, with James Hansen in front of the US Senate Committee on Energy & Natural Resources.  The kick-off of Climate Doomsday was being announced by Hansen, such as in his prediction that the Maldives would be underwater within 30 years (by 2018).  Of course, that never happened in any degree.

Moreover, Hansen ... and others ... have taken raw climate data and changed it, and in having done so, they ever so coincidentally fitted the "newly amended" climate record to their co2 warming assertions.  They adjusted the numbers to fit the story line.  Doing the numerical changes was called "homogenization" by those changing the temperatures.  Others called it fraud.  Speaking of government employees committing fraud, watch the following:

 See:  NOAA Gold Medalist accuses NOAA of deliberate temperature record keeping fraud

All in all, none of Hansen's predictions have come true.  Now, in a 2007 deposition, with Hansen being an expert witness in the case, he "averred" (claimed) that most of the Greenland Ice Sheet will have melted by 2107, and that the sea level rise will have amounted to 23 feet.  No such melting at the rate predicted is occurring yet.   At present, the Greenland Ice Sheet is at a range of 6,600 to 9,800 feet high.

The Earth's climate has been a cyclical roller coaster ride throughout its history.

If you want evidence that today's scientists are lying about the 21st Century being the hottest and the one most visited by weather disasters, go to the newspapers archives of 1871, 1878, 1896, 1901, 1906, 1911, 1921, 1922, 1934, 1936, 1954, etc.   In fact, go to the 1970s archives, where an oncoming ice age was the predicted event.  You will find that climate catastrophes were much more intense and more frequent in the past 80-150 years than they are today.    The blame for the climate disasters was originally Solar activity, or the lack thereof.  That which was blamed for those weather disasters of the 1970s was ====> Global COOLING.

None the less, if you want to learn about true atmospheric science, purchase a private pilot training course's textbook on Weather Theory.      

Hockey Stick Time

 If you are a youth who was enrolled in the American public school system, you were probably shown Michael Mann's "Hockey Stick Graph," without being shown any data to back up his claim of a sudden rise in global temperatures.  Well, he allegedly mixed apples with oranges in the following way ===>  

He allegedly first used tree ring data which actually tells the amount of moisture in the atmosphere at the time surveyed, and NOT the temperature, per se.   None the less, those tree rings did indicate a decline in moisture (and presumably temps) from approximately 1960 to 1974.  So, Mann allegedly stopped using the tree ring data at 1960 and allegedly substituted it with thermometer data, doing so without justifying any "benchmark" of the tree ring data to any thermometer scale.  To make a long story short, the 2009 East Anglia Climategate Emails mentioned Michael "hiding the decline."  Specifically, the decline of temperatures between approximately or exactly 1960 and 1974 is what was hidden.

First see:  The late Michael Crichton on Michael Mann's Hockey Stick Graph

This paragraph involves the illustration located five paragraphs away:   A number of tree ring scores/tallies were available to Mann.  Predictably enough, he ALLEGEDLY ignored all of them EXCEPT the one with a pronounced incline, when he was morally obligated to submit as fact the average of all of the tree ring samples combined.  Look at the tree ring sample YAD061.  It looks like a ski slope in comparison to the nine other ones.  That is what he ALLEGEDLY used for his very exaggerated hockey stick graph, in addition to him using other pieces of proxy data.

Now, in the background of Mann's hockey stick graph is the jagged "bar of uncertainty" or "error bar." That's a line that represents what the correct temperatures might possibly be, in lesser statistical probability thereof.  Well, if you look at the top of Mann's jagged Error Bar at the left-hand side, you are looking at the Medieval Warm Period.  And if you look at the bottom center-right of the jagged "error bar," you will see the Mini-Ice-Age of 1350 to 1850.  Mann included both climate periods.  He simply hid them in the background, while denying their existence in his speeches.   An image of the hockey stick graph is not included herein.  False graphs & erroneous charts are not permitted to be posted here.

In definitive terms, is it a complete FALSEHOOD to claim that the temperatures of the last 1,000 years were mostly stable.  It's an equal falsehood to claim that the climate of the last 1,000 years was mostly mild and unvaried throughout that time span.  There were intensely turbulent times, and there were distinctively different climate phases throughout the past 1,000 years.    Climate is and has been a roller coaster ride.  Incidentally, the coldest part of the Mini Ice Age was between 1645 and 1710. Sunspot activity was at its lowest, back then.

In recent years, Michael "Hockey Sticks" Mann filed a lawsuit against a retired Canadian meteorology professor who was once a Royal Air Force pilot.  The aging Canadian man said that Michael Mann belonged in a prison, so Mann sued the retired professor for defamation, in a Canadian court.  

Eventually, Mann sought to have the lawsuit dismissed.  In order to agree to the dismissal of the lawsuit, the Canadian defendant promised to let the lawsuit end, on the condition that Mann show him the data that resulted in the hockey stick graph's drastic upward curve.  Mann never revealed the data to the Canadian gentleman.  None the less, how much apparent or pernicious fraud was committed by Mann when he was allegedly using the other alleged proxies for his hockey stick graph?

Anyway, observe Sample YAD061 below, and know that Mann allegedly used 112 "proxies" in all, for his hockey stick graph.   Incidentally, a proxy is replacement evidence for natural phenomenon.  The prime example is the tree rings which are used to determine temperature at a certain time in history.

The Al Gore Science Fiction Movie #1

Concerning the co2 & temperature graph that Al Gore showed the audience at the beginning of his first movie, he neglected to say that a rise in atmospheric heat will cause an added amount of co2 to be released into the atmosphere via oceanic evaporation.  In fact, it's a well established scientific teaching that the water vapor above the oceans is latent heat. 

Now, a prime example of this phenomenon, where the rise in co2 follows the rise in heat is in a recent research finding about the end of the last Major Ice Age (aka "the last glaciation.")   It was found that the heating at the end of the last Ice Age actually began at the bottom of the oceans, with the heat rising to the ocean surfaces.  The time it took for the heat to rise to the top of the oceans was 1,300 years, according to the paper's authors/researchers.  Then, and only then did co2 levels begin to rise. Therefore, in the natural history of the Earth's most recent 650,000 years (or "time units"), temperatures always rose first, and then the co2 levels followed.  The changes in co2 levels throughout that time were not at all pronounced, compared prior eons of time.  They were relatively small changes.

    See:  Univ of Southern Cal: CO2 did not end last Ice Age

A British Court Had Its Say About Gore's First Science Fiction Movie

In that first Gore movie, there were 9 assertions contested to be falsehoods in a British court.  The British court ended up adjudging that the Al Gore movie could not be presented or advertised as educational material in England.  One of the assertions was that a rise in co2 levels caused Lake Chad to dry out.  Super fraudulent was that assertion.  Observe ===>

Dispelling the Lie that Al Gore Told About Lake Chad, in His First Science Fiction Movie

Lake Chad is located directly below the massive Sahara Desert.  Thus, Lake Chad has very little ground water or water shed "tributaries."  The Sahara doesn't provide much rain, either.  Furthermore, Lake Chad is a shallow lake, and its water capacity is much smaller than Lakes Tanganyika and Lake Victoria.  Observe:

Lake Chad's water volume capacity is 17 cu mi ... vs  Lake Tanganyika's 4,500 cu mi capacity ... vs Lake Victoria's 660 cu mi capacity.  This means that Lake Tanganyika's water capacity is 264 times greater than Lake Chad.  Lake Victoria's water holding capacity is 38 times more than is Lake Chad. 

Moreover, it was only the northern lobe of Lake Chad which dried-out in intervals of time throughout the 1970s and 1980s; not the entire lake.   Do you see what a liar Al Gore has been, while he was amassing approximately $250-350 million into his own bank accounts and/or financial portfolio?

One more point about Gore's first science fiction movie is this :::  It involves Gore's claim that atmospheric co2 first rose, followed by temperatures.  Well, if that is the case, then what caused those co2 levels to rise, in the first place?  There were no coal plants, no factories, and no combustible engines.  Hello?  Anybody home?  To claim what Gore claimed is equivalent to claiming that a steering moves the driver's hands. 

More on Gore

In his second movie, Al Gore claimed that his prophecy about (Lower) Manhattan being submerged under water came true.  He showed a video clip of the very temporary storm surge of a certain tropical storm.  After the storm surge ended, no Manhattan concrete was underwater.  Go to NYC today and see for yourself, if whether or not sea level rise has encroached itself on Lower Manhattan's roads and sidewalks.

 Deception through the Help of the Media

Now, Hockey Stick Graph Maker, Michael Mann, told a newscaster that today's co2 levels must be cut in half within ten years.  Well, if that's done, the Earth's atmospheric co2 level will even be lower than it was when cavemen (or cavewomen) were giving art exhibitions at their cave walls.   

Caveman co2 levels were at 260 ppm.  By the Year 1800 or so, the co2 level was at 280 ppm.  Mann is prescribing a level of 209 ppm.  In as much, this indicates (in my opinion) that Mann is deliberately marketing fear, in order to get all the more taxpayer dollars & NGO grant dollars into his bank accounts and financial portfolio.  It's called Theft by Deception.  This is what the US Federal False Claims Act was enacted to undo.  And upon me stating this,  I advise you to keep in mind the Times vs Sullivan First Amendment Case, where it was adjudicated that a private citizen may publish his opinions of a public figure. 

If atmospheric co2 levels drop below 150 ppm, no photosynthesis could transpire, and plant life dies.  Plus, we have a heightened population today, meaning that we need greater crop yields.  Thus, we need more plant food.  In as much, CO2 is the plant food needed in higher levels today.  So, what is Mann thinking?  All in all, if you want to go green, you must increase co2 levels. 

Incidentally, the billions of taxpayer dollars that were unleashed were unleashed under the title, Climate Change Adaptation and Climate Change Research.  Going by memory, $112 BILLION taxpayer dollars per year were spent on so-called Climate Change Adaption & Research, during the final two years of the Obama administration.  Moreover ====>

In the Climategate Emails of 2009, it was discovered why the title "Global Warming" was changed to "Climate Change."  This is because there had been NO Global Temperature increase in ten years.  Being that there was no global warming, the scientists had to change the name of their project, in order to deceive you and everyone else all the more.  

As a fact, if there is no increase of temperature in the Middle of the Troposphere, there is no Global Warming.  There was zero increase of such temperatures from 1999 until 2016.  Somewhere within the same general time span, the United States went 12 consecutive years without a major hurricane making landfall on any of its shores.  Thus, the opposite of Al Gore's hurricane predictions resulted. 

The majority of water content in every ocean exists at 39 degrees Fahrenheit.

As far as goes the atmospheres on Venus and Mars being almost entirely composed of co2, it simply proves that there is no life on those planets.  Life dines on co2.

The most important thing to do at present is to go through newspaper archives of the past 80 to 150 years, and locate reports on the heat waves, fires, record rains, floods, hurricanes and other natural disasters which occurred during that time.  It was a time when co2 levels were distinctively lower than today.  Locate and read the November 1922 edition of Monthly Weather Review, wherever you can find it.  All of the aforementioned becomes the evidence which proves Climate Change activism to be a fraud.  It's all a money grab for taxpayer dollars ... and NGO dollars.

Next go through 1970s newspaper and magazine articles that spoke of a coming mini-ice age.  Yes, even though co2 levels had risen, the 1960s & 1970s were times of a lot of painfully cold weather.  Thus, the 1960s & 1970s proved invalid and fraudulent the claim of Al Gore, John Kerry, & company

Arctic Ice volume reached it height in 1979.  This is why Global Warmists omit the ice volume facts of the 1970s, even though there was satellite technology dating back to approximately 1974 or even sooner.   They simply begin their charting in 1979, the year of the highest amount of ice, so that the succeeding years will be made it look as if the world is now melting away like never before.    

They omit the 1970s Arctic Ice Volume statistics as much as they omit the 1920s & 1930s forest fire stats    If they let you know that ice volume rose while co2 rose, then the Al Gore CO2 Warming Model of Science is defunct, invalidated, and found to be historically false.  

In addition, you will find the stumps of rooted trees near the Arctic Ocean.  Moreover, Iron Age skis were found under permafrost that had melted.  This means that there was a time when there was no permafrost there.  Climate is cyclical. 

So, go to the newspaper & magazine archives.  You will discover how much you are being deceived on a major, expensive, and immoral scale.

To you Climate Doomsayer computer modelers out there, in order for you to have a clear insight of climate, you need to do something called, "Go outside."