The Heat Island Effect & Asphalt: Absorbing solar radiation at the surface

Chicago:  The huge asphalt maze.  Yet, I stood outside here, during -7F and -11F Arctic Nights.

From the telescope data analysts:   The Earth's lower Tropospheric temperature anomaly for July 2022 was +0.36C.  (Anomaly means deviation from the normal.)  The commercial media placed July 2022 in neon-lights, and then proceeded to put it in a false light.

Of course, the multiple temperature measurements of the lower Troposphere aren't the proverbial tale of the tape.  When  it comes to monitoring the atmosphere for the presence or absence of actual Global Warming, the following rule applies:

"If there is no temperature increase in the Middle of the Troposphere, then there is no Global Warming." 

Moreover, there is a difference between surface temperatures and air temperatures.  None the less, we now direct our attention to surface temperatures in the modern world, being that it can be a health issue, as was the repeatedly tragic case in France, during 1976, 2003, & 2019.

The middle of Earth's Troposphere is approximately 30,000 ft in height, except for the Poles where it's half as high.

So, what is providing the added heat to the cities during Summertime?

ANS:  The great solar radiation absorber, asphalt.  More specifically, the Heat Island Effect and/or Heat Sink Effect.  So, add to the effect the heated exhausts of air conditioning units.

~Now, the July 2022 hype about London has been easily proven a farce, in light of the fact that the 610 sq mile area known as Greater London has been having almost half the fires it experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as far less the number of fires that transpired in the mid-1960s.

~The Southwest of the United States is a desert and does have a history of naturally occurring long-term droughts. 

~Lake Superior had near record cold temperatures during July 2022.  See:  Lake Superior near record cold in July 2022

~Throughout South America, there has been record cold in 2022, including the coastal nation of Uruguay.   Throughout South America in 2022, there has been record heat, including the coastal nation of Uruguay. 

~Patagonia (the Southern half of Argentina) was reported as having record heat in 2022. The same Patagonia was reported as having had record cold in 2022.   This is when you toss up your hands and say, "What's the point?"  

Okay.  Time-out, for a Review

The Year 1936 had the hottest Summer in the known history of the United States, and according to NASA, 1934 was the worst drought in 1,000 years.  This was when co2 levels were 310 ppm, meaning that they were 108 ppm LOWER than today.

The highest temperature ever recorded on Planet Earth was recorded in 1913, at Death Valley's Furnace Creek, California.  It was 134F there, and co2 was 301 ppm at the time.   That was 117 ppm less than today.  

The longest heat wave of consecutive 90+F days transpired in New York City in 1953, for 12 consecutive days.   The co2 count at the time was 313 ppm.  This amounts to 105 ppm LOWER than today.  So, where is the causation (or even the correlation) of co2 levels in the surface temperature records?  ANS:  It went out the door.

In fact, the second most severe heat wave & drought was the Great Tudor Drought of 1540-41.  This occurred when co2 was at pre-fossil-fuel levels.  

Meanwhile, the Great Drought of the American West occurred between 1276 and 1299 C.E, when co2 levels were as low as they were during the Roman Empire years of carts, chariots, and cavalry units.  Thus, co2 is not lighter fluid.  Nor is it a Roman Candle, pun intended.

The 16th, 17th, & 18th Centuries, as well as the first half of the 19th Century were centuries of turbulent --- and then scorching --- and then flooding --- climate conditions.  Add crop failures and ice stacking to the list, as well as the Thames River Frost Fairs.  And then came entire military fleets being decimated in massive sea storms, during that time span

All in all, it is a complete lie to claim that the past 1,000 years were years of mild weather.  The entities pushing this lie should be sued for fortunes worth of compensation.   After all, why do you think Northern Europeans and American colonists were putting woman after woman to death, for witchcraft?   Well, it had to do with the outrageously unsettling weather.  But, it had nothing to do with fossil fuels.  People in NORTHERN EUROPE thought that witches were changing the weather for the worse.

Despite the long historical records which do show that there's NOT a historical correlation between co2 levels and surface temperatures, the climate change marketeers will always claim that the hottest and worst weather had transpired last month --- and that we're all gonna die in the next 5 to 10 years, if we don't drastically reduce co2 levels now. 

This is the Five & Dime Store Doomsday Script, and it has been ongoing since June 1988.  It's beyond tiring to hear this, due to the repetitively failed doomsday predictions of the past 34 years which keep being predicted anew, with the designated dates of doom being pushed back to the next 34 years.

It's definitively true that the predictions of climate doom never came true.  After all:  {1} the Maldives are very much above water with financially fit Arabians enjoying the premises.  {2} No coastal city has gone even halfway underwater.  {3} Your shoes are still dry after walking throughout Lower Manhattan, and {4} You still can't go water skiing in the Summertime Arctic Ocean without you crashing into 1.3 million to 1.9 million square miles of ice.

And remember, the Global Warming, End-of-the-World hysteria was ratcheted-upwards only because Joe Biden took up residency at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.  It's an advertising gimmick.  After all, in 2021, throughout Biden's first year, fanatical doomsayer announcements were repeatedly being published.

Moreover, neither China nor India nor often frigid Russia are going to try to reduce co2 levels.  Even if you wiped North American off the map, the co2 levels would still rise pursuant to Chinese, Indian, and Russia industrial output.  So, nagging and punishing Americans would NOT work, if it mattered that co2 levels were rising.

The Climate Change Pitch is a Sales Pitch

As a note, American sales managers teach their new employees that, when you are trying to make a sale, you are to create a sense of URGENCY in the prospective buyer.  So, climate change activists are simply trying to make a sale.  However, American workers who spent decades working outdoors don't buy the Climate Change hysteria.  They are experienced in experiencing all sorts of climatic conditions.  And they realize that climate per se is ......... cyclical.

It even got to the point where the Climate Change salesmen blamed snow on man-made co2 and Global Warming.  As I previously explained, a water molecule will stay in the atmosphere for approximately NINE days.  Any January snow storm that comes 182 days after a humid July heatwave is NOT caused by that July heatwave.  And concerning the oceans warming, the majority of ocean water is dark & 39F.  That's all.

It's now the Summer of 2022.  A hundred years prior were news reports of a detailed Arctic meltdown.  The heat of the prior year, 1921, was a contributing factor.  

Other dreaded heat years near that time span included 1871, 1878, 1895, 1896, 1901, 1911, 1913, 1922, 1931, 1934, 1935, and 1936, as well as 1947, 1988, 1998, 2012, and 2016.   All in all, climate is cyclical.  To claim today to be far worse than decades prior can be easily disproved.  Let's take China's weather history as an example.

In the "table" of China's worst natural disasters, six are Earthquakse.  They are NOT applicable in this discourse.  There are two epidemics which don't apply, unless a melting Arctic Circle is involved.  This leaves us with 17 natural disasters.  

View the year of each disaster, and take account of the much smaller atmospheric co2 content than exists today.  Then take note of the death tolls, and remember what the U.N. stated in September 2021.  The Chinese death tolls contradict what news writers and certain U.N. people were claiming.  Chinese disaster years included 1906, 1909, 1911, 1922, 1930, 1935, 1939, 1949, 1954, and 1959 being the most recent intense disaster year.  The co2 levels of these years ranged from 298 to 315 ppm.  This is 102 to 120 ppm lower than today.  This would serve as prove that a rise in atmospheric co2 does NOT automatically cause intensification of disastrous weather events.

This brings the reasonable person's thoughts to the Eleven Year Sunspot Cycle --- which is not to be confused with relatively stable solar irradiance.

We begin with 2022.  Eleven years prior was the July 2011 heatwave marked by high humidity.  The following year was the Drought of 2012.  Therefore, if the Eleven year sunspot cycle has any causation or correlation to it, then 2023 should be another year with a notably hot summertime.  A cooling should be evident in 2025 or 2026, IF ...

Eleven years prior to the 2012 Drought was the 2001 Eastern North American Heat Wave which even saw Nova Scotia reach 95F.  Meanwhile, New York's Central Park reached 103F.  Moreover, the co2 count that year was 371 ppm; 47 ppm LOWER than today.

Eleven years prior to 2001 was the final year of the 1988 to 1990 North American Drought.  The co2 level was 351 ppm; 67 ppm lower than today.  

Eleven years prior to the 1990 drought was 1979. Well, one year after 1979 was the 1980 United States Heat Wave which took 1,700 lives.

Next comes eleven years before 1979, namely 1968.  Well, in 1968, there was the dustfall thunderstorms in 'Britain'; the worst in 200 years.  It comprised a layer of mineral dust that came out of the Sahara and found its way to England, much like the temporary heat of mid-July 2022.  

Also in 1968, there was a January hurricane that made landfall in Scotland.  It reached a speed of 134 mph.  The co2 level at the time was 321 ppm; 96 ppm lower than today.  If that hurricane would have happened this past January, we would never have stopped hearing about it from the Climate Change Activists and the commercial media.  Sirens would have gone off, in concert.

The year prior, in 1967, a heatwave took 70 lives in Mexico City, and Seattle had its longest heatwave, equaling the New York City heatwave of 1953.   

Next comes eleven years before 1968,  namely 1957.  Subtract another eleven years and you also have 1946.  Well, from 1947 to 1957 was Texas' worst drought.  In fact, 1956 was Texas' second driest year on record at the time.   The CO2 level was 310 to 316 ppm during this time frame.  More than 100 ppm less than today.

Also in 1957 was NYC reaching its record high temperature, and Kentucky having a devastating flood, much like in the Year 2022.  History repeats itself.

Eleven years before 1957 was 1946, and it was the year of the Heat Wave in Rome, and the Drought & Famine which hit Moldavia and the Ukraine hard.

Eleven years before 1946 was 1935, and it was especially disastrous a year.  There was the Black Sunday Dust Storm, for starters.  All in all, 1934, 1935, and 1936 were absolute weather disaster years.

 

The aforementioned things are historic fact.   There is correlation in this Eleven Year Sun Spot Cycle.  But, is there causation to the aforementioned coinciding events?  Or is it just a matter of statistical probability?  Is it simply a matter of there being so many heat waves in history that some of them will land on the 11 year sun spot cycle points.

One lesson to be learned here is that heat waves are a common occurrence of life on Earth.  Heatwaves are everywhere throughout the history of Summertime.  Therefore, the hyper-exaggerating of heat waves today is the act of lying via false light misrepresentation --- the committing of fraud --- bearing of false witness --- being unable to be trusted, ever again.  

 Concerning this, instead of journalists constantly writing, "record breaking heat wave," (in order to intimidate you)  they should be writing how to survive a heat wave.  This shows that they do NOT care about you.  They are trying to push one declarative sentence, concerning co2, disregarding the fact that co2 is the key to Life on Earth ... being that photosynthesis is the key to life and co2 is the key to photosynthesis.

All in all, there are many more factors involved in the making of weather & climate than co2.  CO2 plays a minor role in Earth's heat budget, but it plays the star role in activating PHOTOSYNTHESIS throughout the Earth, even in the Arctic Circle.

And remember, 90% of all Greenhouse Gases, by volume, is WATER VAPOR.  Water Vapor leaves behind ZERO CARBON FOOTPRINT.

Southwest U.S.

There is the present saga of the man-made Lake Mead (near Las Vegas) which is dependent upon the man-made reservoir of Glen Canyon Dam which, in turn, was in a more dire situation than was Lake Mead.  So, it was given priority in water acquisition, by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.  It's name is Lake Powell, located in Northern Arizona.

Southern California's Mojave Desert, 2012.   I didn't bring anyone with me into that desert which was 102F at the time.

At this point, let us remember an official statement of the (pre-Biden) United States government: "Drought is a normal climate pattern that has occurred in varying degrees of length, severity, and size throughout history."

The exact same United States government declared that:

"Tree ring archives indicate that agricultural droughts such as those that happened in the United States during the 1930s Dust Bowl era have occurred occasionally over the last 1,000 years, and climate model simulations suggest that droughts that may last several years to even decades OCCUR NATURALLY in the southwestern U.S."   

The other thing that naturally occurs in states such as Nevada and Arizona is MONSOON SEASON.  Okay then.  This brings us to France.

The media is obsessed, due to a severe lack of intelligence, with blaming all unwelcome weather events on CO2, while occasionally mentioning "greenhouse gases" in general.

Meanwhile, the same media never explains what constitutes a greenhouse gas, and the same media surely doesn't have the habit of informing its viewers that the #1 greenhouse gas is Water Vapor which constitutes 90% of all greenhouse gases, by volume ... and which has a zero carbon footprint.  The same media doesn't explain "heat transference," as in the three ways in which it occurs.  The media only conveys hype and bullying.

They don't mention Southwestern Monsoon season on a national scale, so that schoolchildren could be placed at ease. They're emotional terrorists looking for taxpayer dollars, NGO grants, etc.  If there is money in terrorizing schoolchildren, they'll do it.

As I have already illustrated elsewhere in the Blue Marble Album, in the July 2022 London hype, as well as in the July 2021 Biden administration's NOAA hype, a lot of falsehoods are flying through the media and the Internet, about July 2020, 2021, and 2022, as well as Greenland snowfall and the ocean sea level reports.

In fact, NOAA has changed historical graphs, to makes the temperatures of the very hot 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s look much cooler and more mild.  This makes that time span's temperatures look colder and much more mild than today's temperatures, and this is outright criminal fraud.   

This is why I advise everyone who is honest to gather as many newspaper and magazine articles about the blazing heat of the early 20th Century as possible, to show how the present employees of NOAA are literally fraudsters.  Include the newspapers of the 1870s and 1890s.  The newspapers of old are the original Climate Record, and they will serve as evidence to prove the fraud.

Of course, being that opinion polling showed "climate change" to often be the least concern amongst American voters, the climate change salesmen realized that they were engaged in a losing proposition.  So, they had to take the hottest month of the year and hyper-exaggerate it's thermometer readings and yearly wildfires, to make a sale ... all the while altering the past temperature graphs, to make the past look degrees colder than those heat-stricken days actually were.

The man-made-co2 salesmen (aka marketers) repeatedly had to exaggerate July's natural heat to the point of making it sound as if the end of the world were once again five or ten years away --- and that only the climate change marketeers can save you.  

So, what actually is a climate marketeer?  ANS: Someone who puts a price on climate-related activity.  Some of that money gets directed into the activists' pockets.

Well, the media has definitely been serving the climate change salesmen, as if to be their campaign volunteers.  So, go to the old newspaper archives, and make a library of temperature records and weather event reports.  That's how you can save the Truth from being hidden away from mankind for all time.

Of course, dispel from your mind the belief that an amount of CO2 as small as 420 ppm, could ever drive a climate the size of Earth.  After all, it's Water Vapor that comprises 90% of all greenhouse gases ... by volume.  But, why do not college students ever mention Water Vapor in their videos?  None the less, pre-Biden NASA, itself, publicly stated the "SUNLIGHT DRIVES THE CLIMATE."

 

NASA did not include co2 as a driver.  It limited the driver to Sunlight.  So, when you encounter a hot environment in the city or in suburbia or on a military base or at a mall parking lot or at a college campus, think the following:

The heat island effect --- being heavily assisted by asphalt.  It involves Albedo.  Actually, the heat part involves the lack of Albedo.

Albedo is the scattered (the diffused) reflection of solar radiation (aka sunlight) back into outer-space, after making contact-encounter-incidence with some material object on Earth, and doing so without heating that object beyond the percentage of sunlight absorbed by that object.  

 

That is to say, Albedo involves the encountering of a material without heat conduction occurring in the encountering thereof.  Albedo is like a boomerang effect performed with light --- with solar rays.

 

Albedo is measured on a scale from 0 -1, where 1 is the reflecting of 100% of the solar radiation back into outer-space.  The only material object on Earth which can make this happen in 100% completeness is a mirror positioned at the correct angle toward the sun.  Thus, whatever be the other materials on Earth, sunlight is partially absorbed by them and partially deflected from them.   However, the one earthly material that absorbs solar radiation (aka sunlight)  most efficiently is ASPHALT.  It absorbs approximately 95% of the solar radiation that makes contact with it.  That heats things up.

Runners-up in the solar radiation absorption contest include, soils, wet sand, dark clay, grasslands, the tundra, and coniferous forests, as well as black acrylic paint which is equal to new asphalt.

 

This solar radiation absorption will increase surface temperatures  in the cities, at mall parking lots, etc.  Then, when night comes, the heat gets released from the asphalt, etc.  All in all, CO2 has been blamed for causing what is being caused by asphalt and even coniferous forests.

Now, as far as goes Ocean Albedo, it's true that 94% of the sunlight which reaches ocean waves does not rocket back into outer-space.  But, the 94% of sunlight does not entirely get absorbed into ocean water.  If it did, there would be much more of an evaporation cycle and much more flooding on Earth.

 

Now, sunlight at the higher latitudes of the Earth makes contact with the Earth's surface at different angles than at the lower latitudes.  Higher latitudes have too much solar diffusion and do not capture as much sunlight as do the lower latitudes.   Thus, the lower latitudes are warmer and therefore develop the hurricanes which perform the task of heat transfer.  

 

Again, hurricanes are further evidence that the oceans are NOT hording heat.  The oceans are not depositories or vaults for added heat.  In fact, hurricanes can be regarded as substitutes for Albedo that do NOT develop according to sunlight, as Albedo does, but rather develops according to the lessening of air pressure.

 

BTW, the average Albedo for all of Planet Earth is .3 (30%)

 

Incidentally, there are 332,519,000 cubic miles of ocean water on Planet Earth, and as I long since stated, the majority of ocean water is dark and 39F.  So, don't fall for the phrase, "the oceans are all warming 60% faster than originally thought and we're all gonna die."  That was already disproved.  None the less, the 39F temperature is the case for 9,000 vertical feet of the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans ... 7,000 vertical feet for the Southern Ocean ... and 653 feet of the Arctic Ocean.  

 

In as much, another mechanism of heat transfer happens with ocean water, due to the fact that water interfaces with air.  In brevity, it goes as follows:  Firstly, ocean waves create an interface with the air, due to the constant moving of waves and their mixing with air.  This means that the heat budget of any ocean surface interface is dominated by short wave irradiance, as opposed to there being an even exchange of short wave and long wave radiation.  

 

Elsewhere on Earth it's a matter of "shortwave in" (from outer-space) and "long-wave" out (from Planet Earth into outer-space.)   

 

So, an airborne "upwelling" occurs slightly above the oceans, and NOT in the oceans.  This is regarded as Latent Heat.  This process can be regarded as the inversion of heat.  The bottom line is that the oceans are not becoming bathtubs of scalding water, as certain political propagandists are claiming.  The existence of hurricanes prove this to be so.  Hurricanes are heat delivery systems.  Thus, the ocean isn't hording any excess heat, and hurricane make sure that they do not do so.

 

Next comes the ocean winds.  It is always the case, everywhere on Earth, that wind is a matter of high pressure air following (gravitating toward) low pressure air.  Low pressure is equated with warmer and more moist air.   Such air rises until it dries and compresses, it then descends toward Earth.  This is known as convection, and there are massive convection cells on Earth.  

 

This convection caused the existence of the Earth's major deserts being on the 30th parallel of both hemispheres, as well as at the Poles.  Yes, Antarctica is the largest desert on Earth, at 5.5 million square miles.  The Sahara is 3.5 million sq miles.

BTW, it can get really cold in the desert at night, due to "radiational cooling" (which is not to be confused with radiative cooling.)  Radiational cooling occurs when no clouds are present, to keep the heat from rising out of the desert.  In fact, cloudless winter nights are the coldest ones.

 

Concerning this, that which Al Gore and a couple former Russia Today hosts claimed about an Ice Age coming to Western Europe was proven completely false by the Summer heat of 2022.  Yes, the very heat used by TV news reporters as proof of co2-driven Climate Change actually disproved it.  Let us review:

 

The Climate Change marketers' claim was that global warming was causing excessive fresh-water snow & ice to melt off of Greenland, into the Atlantic Ocean.  The Freshwater would then lessen the salinity of the ocean, and would cause the flow of the Atlantic to slow down to point of causing an ice age in England, French, and Spain.  Well, in 2022, France endured the opposite of Ice Age weather.  All in all, the Greenland Freshwater Melt theory is a false one.

And concerning the "rising sea levels," it has been officially reported that the average sea level rise of Planet Earth was 7 to 9 inches since 1880.  That's a 140 year time span.  The yearly sea level rise average that was reported is equal to the thickness of the sides of two American pennies; about 3.5 or 3.6 mm.  Elsewhere come different numbers for yearly sea rise, such as 2.84 mm.  All numbers are quit small, but the essence is in the accumulative effect of ten, twenty, and thirty years.  This is explained elsewhere at the Blue Marble Album.

Back to Heat Island Effect

 

An example of how the heat island effect can become effectively deadly was the 2003 heatwave in France.  France?  How ironic!  Oh yes, I forgot.  Climate is cyclical and history repeats itself.  Incidentally, the other modern-era French climate tragedy was the heatwave of 1976.  You still remember 2019, so that is more current events than history.

Concerning the re-visitation of climate tragedy to France in 2022, remember that Global Warming is a habit.  It's an oft repeating pattern.  Sometimes, there is the emergence of a pattern, but such a thing turns out to be a cyclical one.  None the less, once-in-twenty-year events are not signs of global warming.  The warming in the middle of the Troposphere is.

 

There needs to be a cessation of the demonizing of co2.  Asphalt is a different story, even to the point of adopting the slogan, "Keep the co2, but replace the asphalt" (in reasonable time, after a replacement for asphalt has been prepared --- or by perhaps adding an environmentally friendly material that will lighten the color of asphalt and thereby increase asphalt's degree of Albedo.  After all, aged and grayed asphalt doesn't have the heat absorption power of new asphalt)  

 

However, don't think about adding a dye.  For the record, the early 20th Century research on chemical weapons used the dye industry for their deadly poison inventions.  Miles of molecular agents of that type placed on the major highways of America is social sabotage.  

 

Whatever be the case, literally keep Bill Gates out of the equation.  The guy wants you to eat mold, instead of consuming common dinner ingredients, such as steak, eggs, veggies, grain products, beets, potatoes, dairy products, protein powder, collagen powder, herbal teas, green tea, black tea, grapes, grape leaves, etc.  That one guy is Creep-out City.

None the less, that which the modern cities need the most is anything that will give a large area umbrella effect --- that which  makes large areas of shade.  The thing about the heat island effect in a city is that the heat contacts horizontal material like asphalt lots, and it contacts vertical structures called walls.  That adds to the heat effect.  So, shading, shading, shading does bring down the heat effect upon people enduring the heat.

Would anyone be interested in very large helium cartridge umbrellas that float over city blocks?  Just a thought.

 

Degrees of Albedo

 

~Green grass retains more heat than does desert sand.  Grass will absorb 75% of the solar radiation that lands on it, while desert sand will absorb 60%.  And yes, this fact is counter-intuitive, being that you have no problem walking on grass, compared to the burning sensation you get walking on summertime beach sand.  Therefore, green grass albedo is .25, and desert sand albedo is .40.  

 

So remember ===> Asphalt will retain and detain on the surface of the Earth 20% more heat than will a field of grass ... as in a baseball field.   At night, the heat releases from asphalt.

 

~The albedo of Arctic Ice and glacial ice in the average July is about .70.  Ice will absorb 20% to 30% of sunlight, during the six months when the sun never disappears behind Earth's horizon ... in the Arctic, that is.  In March or April, Arctic ice can have an albedo of .85 or so.  So, do not be deceived into thinking that ice reflects back 100% of the solar radiation into outer-space.

~In addition, the albedo of white clouds is about .80.  Clouds are not a 100% returner of sunlight, either.  Some heat is still retained.

In addition, an average sized cloud weighs over a million lbs. A floating cloud mass is millions of lbs.  This, too, is counter-intuitive, until you realize that millions of pounds of snow fall from those clouds during a substantial snowstorm.  In fact, a lot of atmospheric science is counter-intuitive or outright contradictory.   Atmospheric physics can be intricate, requiring equations in its understanding, just like any other science.  It's not as simplex as Al Gore made it out to be, in one of his absolutely worthless videos.

You perhaps have the general idea of Albedo, by now.   In as much, a lying propagandist looking for government funding, NGO donations, or the instituting of the carbon tax will say to an audience that CO2 drives the climate.  As was previously mentioned, NASA had a different answer.  NASA claimed in public print that SUNLIGHT drives the Earth's climate.    My answer was that the Coriolis Effect and the Tilt of the Earth drive atmospheric climate, while Eckman Transport drives oceanic climate.  Just a thought.

 

Let us repeat.  The pre-Biden NASA managers publicly stated that:

 

"SUNLIGHT drives the Earth's climate."   Therefore . . .

 

You don't have to submit to the Climate Change bullies, even those bullies at the UN who don't belong to nations who landed on the Moon, landed on Venus, landed on Mars, landed on an occasional asteroid, sailed to the BOTTOM of the ocean, operate an Antarctic science research station, created long bridges and maintain long tunnels, manage shipping lanes, etc.  The truth is NOT on their side ... not even concerning July 2022.   They are blaming their poverty on the United States and Western Europe and even Japan and South Korea. 

 

They are merely looking for an excuse to obtain sizable amounts of U.S. taxpayer dollars, by creating a sense of guilt in the U.S. taxpayer's mind, claiming that any heat wave is cause by the American automobile driver.  Are you holding back a giggle, yet?

 

Let's review:   You drive a car.  You crash into no one, yet you killed people by driving your car.  That's the Climate change activists' summary.  Meanwhile, they expect you to take them seriously.

111 year old news articles prove today's "revised" graphs to be a wallpaper of lies

Observe the blue graph below.  It looks like Planet Earth is going to soon burn up.  Oh My Dog!!!  We're all gonna die!!!  Hey, wait a minute.  Zoom-in on the lowest part of that graph.  It looks like a trough.  It looks like a valley.  It represents the years 1908 to 1912 ... approximately.  Well, according to the graph below, the coldest temperature-dip years in the 135 years represented on the graph below were 1910, 1911, and 1912.  

There is a humongous mistake on the part of the people who altered the previous temperature "anomaly" graph, and replaced it with this one here.   And what is the big problem instantly seen by anyone who has even the slightest education in weather history???  ANS:  The Year 1911 was the Year of an Epic & Tragic heat wave, while 1910 was reported as having been "extraordinarily hot."  In fact, there did occur the Great Fire of 1910 in Northwestern America.  There is no way that 1910 & 1911 are the second and third coldest years in the past 135 or even 142 of them.   (1880 to 2015 = 135 + 2016 to 2022 = 142)

As a quick example, the only time in Fargo North Dakota history when the temperature reached 80F during March was in March of 1910.  Let's go step by step, here.  The first step is to know what "anomaly" means.  It means incremental change ... step by step change ... unit by unit change upward or downward.

Concerning the drastic upward slope of this temperature "anomaly" graph, it's a simple numbers-game illusion.  Look at the vertical line, aka the Y-Axis.  The smaller the amount of numbers (or grid lines or incremental units) on the Y-axis of any graph means that the appearance of incline or decline ... in the slope of the graph ... will be pronounced.  The smaller the number of grid-lines means the more severe is the degree of change.  And such a thing is always deceptive.

Moreover, that chart only reports on the degrees of change of temperature.  It doesn't report the temperatures, per se.  And such a thing is a great way to deceive novices --- laymen --- the untrained public.

Now, the blue graph above is certainly fraudulent in its claim of temperature change, concerning the Years 1910 and 1911, for sure.  The 1911 heat wave was extremely ferocious.  And the great lesson taught through it is that there is NO CORRELATION between co2 levels and temperature change.  In 1911, the atmospheric co2 level was 300 parts per million.  That amounts to 117 ppm LOWER than today.  Now, despite the low co2 level of 1911, 41,000+ people died from the July heat of that year, in France alone.  Also in 1911, England had a brutal heat wave.  The one in 2022 didn't compare to it.  The one in 2022 was chump change, in comparison to the one in 1911.

And of course, the London Fire Brigade already reported, in 2014, that London Area fires DECREASED by almost one-half of what they were in the 1980s & 1990s.  In fact, 2021 was the year of the least number of London Area fires, all occurring when the co2 level was as high as it was in 2022. 

~ ~ ~

Of course, there was a cold November in the same Year of 1911, as well as a cold January in 1912.  That partially offset some of the deadly and tragic heat of May and then July of 1911.  However, Feb 1912 was not exceptional in cold temperatures, at all.   This means that there is no way that temperatures dropped 0.5F in a three year span.  

In fact, take a look at a short 2015 report issued by AG Weekly, concerning the Year 1910.  Such reports are written for personnel who don't have the time to sit and read tomes.  Things are presented "to the point."  So, it's a really brief and educational piece of reading material.

See:  Weather Talk: 1910; A Hot Year; Extraordinarily Hot

At the most, the Year 1911 would have "broken even," with record Winter Cold and Record Summer Heat cancelling each other out, and having the temperature-change equal Zero degrees Fahrenheit.  None the less, 1910 was a heated year, on its own.  Yet, the newer government graph falsely claims that there was a significant drop of temperature during the general time span of 1909 to 1912.  No way.  So, a question remains:  How long will the United States government continue to lie to its people? 

In graph-making, there is something called, "smoothing", where you delete the jagged parts of a graph.  It's simply a matter of "rounding off the edges," so to speak.  This means that you can erase extreme temps, wherever convenient for you.  Thus, a record-breaking heat-wave or cold-wave can magically vanish during graph "reconstruction," thereby making the years represented seem mildly harmless.  

Where there's smoke, there is fire.  Where there's one falsehood on a graph, there are others.

There are other years on the blue graph below which can be addressed as fraudulent, also.  But, I don't get compensated as much as a penny to undo the fraud being done by the usual suspects --- who happen to be highly paid suspects.  Such a thing will take time to do --- if there's ever time to do so.  

None the less, a table of the raw temperature data is far more honest than a "smoothed" graph, especially when the graph looks jagged in appearance.  Cute trick there.  But, it's still an insult to the intelligence of any honest person who studied atmospheric science --- or weather history.

In as much, this post and numerous other ones show that Sigourney Weaver outright lied during the 2016 Democratic National Convention, when she claimed that mankind never saw such catastrophic weather events as the ones which occurred after atmospheric co2 rose above 400 ppm.  There were much worse & more catastrophic weather events decades and centuries prior, when co2 levels were 320, 300, and 280 parts per million.  

Ex-Governor Cuomo said the same thing as did the Sigourney Weaver who now has no credibility.  He was proven to be a liar, just as much.

Let's go to the graph of gray & black, located directly below.  It's the actual "raw data" temperature graph of 1880 to 2015.  The X-Axis begins at zero, making this an honest graph.  Actually, it begins at MINUS 10 degrees Fahrenheit.  Thus, the X-axis increments are plentiful.  Thus, there is proportionality in the viewpoint of the graph, as opposed to a distorted clown show that make every novice assume that the world is coming to an end "in 12 years."   The truth is that, if mankind doesn't nuke itself into extinction, the next 12 years will be one of a greening earth, due to the power of photosynthesis carried by the co2 molecule.

Okay folks.  Here's your "end-of-the-world" "Global Warming,"  I mean "Climate Change."

And voila.  There's your insignificant & non-crisis temperature rise, since 1880.   This is why the typical outdoor working man of the past 20, 25, and 30 years always says that the "Claim of a Climate Crisis, with no time left to spare," is total bull crap, squared and cubed.

And of course, if you have a  problem with the outdoor working man, call one via telephone, arrange to meet him somewhere, and you can tell him to his face that he's wrong.  And you can even mock him, to his face ... like you do from a distance, with Dr. Will Happer, the late Dr. Tim Ball, Meteorologist Anthony Watts, electrical engineer & computer scientist & geologist Tony Heller, Dr. Roy Spencer, etc, etc, etc.

By the way, it's the working man who kept you safe, warm, and fed throughout the years.  Elves did not do those smooth roads & guardrails upon where you safely travel.  Nor did elves build those elevators you smoothly ascend and descend, by merely pressing a button.  Your ingratitude and pseudo-intellectual arrogance is not appreciated.

All in all, if the charts and graphs do not match the newspaper and magazine reports of the times represented on those charts & graphs, then you have yourself one fraudulent chart ... or graph.

Just so that you'll know:  This photo is of THREE news articles of the time (July 1911)

 

The West Coast fires of recent were nothing new.

Would be nice to have a government that doesn't constantly lie to its People

In re:  The above chart. The most Arctic Ice volume was in 1979.  Needless to say, the present powers-that-be in the United States use 1979 at the starting point in their Arctic Ice Volume graph.  This deceives the common layman into assuming that 1979 was an ordinary year, and that co2 caused Arctic Ice to get trapped in a one-way runaway ice melt.  That's a falsehood.

The truth is that the 1970s and 1930s, along with 1954, had low-volume Arctic ice years, intermingled with some high volume Arctic ice years.  Climate is cyclical, like a roller coaster ... or a piston engine ... or an amplitude modulation wave (which see).

Well, the Atlantic would soon cool down thereafter, and sea ice would increase and then decrease and then increase the most in 1979.  But, the present administration is stingy and miserly with the truth.

As a reinforcement of learning, here is a chart that concurs with the reality that there were low-volume (low-cover) Arctic ice years before the high volume ice year of 1979.  Thus, it has NOT been a one-way decrease of ice into nothingness.  Climate is cyclical, like a roller coaster:

The pink-shaded part is the part that the government no longer shows the People.  None the less, Arctic Ice cover was low (at times) even before the "Global Warming" Scare began.  Showing this chart to the public would negate the entire hysteria of it all.  "They" can't bring themselves to let the People be at Peace.  "They" have to keep the People in a state of fear, or "they" will lose power.  This is why Michael Crichton wrote, A State of Fear.

Let's also address the altered Forest Fire Chart, compliments of the less-than-honest Biden People.  Today, that chart begins with the year of the least number of forest fires ... 1983.  Thus, the Biden People make it look as if 1983 were an average year, and all the other years to follow had doom-ridden increases of fire ... presumably caused by increased atmospheric CO2.  However, CO2 was far less in the atmosphere, when burnt fire acreage exceeded 40 million acres per year.  In as much, I would like to introduce you to the true United States forest fire acreage chart which has NO CORRELATION to any level of CO2. 

Speaking of liars, there is also the matter of Michael Mann claiming to be the co-winner of the Nobel Prize.  Concerning this, it was NOT the Nobel Prize in Science that he claimed to have co-won.  He claimed to be the co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.

None the less, the following link will take you to the video which will show you that the Nobel Foundation does NOT recognize Michael Mann as the winner or co-winner of any kind of Nobel Prize.  This illustrates that Michael Mann is nothing more than a lying con artist who has no problem absorbing American taxpayer dollars ... like a vacuum cleaner ... on steroids.  You are living in the Age of Climate Racketeering.

See & Hear:  A representative of the Nobel Foundation emphatically stating that Michael Mann NEVER won or co-won any type of Nobel Prize

The Next Total Falsehood from the Climate Nazi Klan:  London Fires. 

The following chart comes from the London Fire Brigade.  It shows that the number of yearly fires in the 610 square mile range of Greater London has decreased significantly.  The significant DECREASE occurred, while atmospheric CO2 levels consistently increased.  In fact, it was the Year 2014 when the London Fire Brigade officially announced that present London Area fires have dwindled in number to almost half of the number of fires in the 1980s & 1990s, per year.  

However, in 2022, a few liar journalists claimed that rising CO2 levels caused an untold number of fires to ignite London.  Very False.  The number of London Area fires SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED throughout the exact same time span when co2 levels were incrementally rising.  The London Area fires also DECREASED, while the London Area population increased by 1.3 million people, since the Year 2000.

Keep in mind that this chart was officially released by and through the London Fire Brigade.

This shows that there is NO CORRELATION between co2 levels and British fires, as well as population increase and British fires.   Liar journalists should be fired and sued for the intentional infliction of emotional distress.  Scaring schoolchildren endlessly is a form of child abuse.  It's the molestation of a schoolchild's mind.

In order to put things into perspective, know that Oxygen, Nitrogen, & Argon comprise 99.93% of the atmosphere ... minus the percentage of water vapor in the air.  NOT much room left for much of anything else.  

I repeatedly asked people, as a poll, what percentage of the atmosphere is co2.  The majority said "30%."  Only one person got the question almost correct.  He was in Chicago, where I experienced the coldest temperatures in my life ... and I worked during -30F wind chills in Pennsylvania, and I endured brutal cold in Massachusetts. 

Well, everything that needed to be said was spoken in the facial expressions of the people who realized that they have been severely deceived by an orchestrated con game.  They instantly saw things differently as soon as they learned that CO2 is only 416 parts per million ... 42 parts per 100,000 ...  4.2 parts per 10,000 ...  1 part per 2,403.   

Meanwhile, nitrogen exists at 1,874 parts per 2,403.  Oxygen exists at 504 parts per 2,403.  Argon exists at 22 parts per 2,403 ... vs 1 part per 2,403 for carbon dioxide.

Think further:   If CO2 were a group of sports fans at Rose Bowl Stadium, CO2 would only occupy 42 seats.  Nitrogen would occupy 78,000 of the seats.  Oxygen would occupy 21,000 of the seats, and Argon would occupy 930 of the seats.  In addition, Methane would only occupy one seat every FIVE Rose Bowl games.  Methane presently exists at 1.909 parts per million; basically 2 parts per million ... 1/500,000.   Once again, remember:  You are living in the Age of Climate Racketeering.

 

We return to Arctic Sea Ice.  As was previously mentioned, the year of the MOST arctic sea ice was 1979.  Needless to say, this is the year of the starting date for the Biden People.  That's where the altered charts and graphs begin.   HOWEVER, Arctic sea ice was very low in the 1930s and in some of the years of the 1970s.  Plus, 1954 was a low-ice year.  And let us not forget the extreme Arctic Ice loss reported in 1922, exactly one hundred years ago.  There is much more Arctic Ice today than there was in 1922.

All in all, starting the sea ice chart at the year of the most accumulated ice accomplishes a predictable deception.  It made it appear that the recent decline of sea ice were a never-before seen phenomenon.  Yet,  that depth of decline already occurred in the 1930s & 1970s (after man landed on the moon with technology advanced enough to detect Arctic sea ice volume.)  Those two decades are not too far off in time.

The great mystery is how long will the politicians and their accomplices think that they can deceive all of mankind?  The evidence proving them liars is blatant.  The only trick is to hide the evidence from the People.  It didn't universally work.  Some people made copies of the evidence.

At this point, remember how confident everyone was on the "Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction."  It was ALL an illusion ... a costly illusion ... a deadly illusion. 

Climate IS cyclical, like a roller coaster.

The highest Accumulated Cyclone Energy seasons were in 1878, 1887, 1893, 1906, 1926, 1933, 1950, 1961, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2017, & 2020.

Hurricane Florence, September 2018

The 2022 Hurricane Season was average in its number of storms --- only slightly below average.   It's Accumulated Cyclone Energy (A.C.E.) scale number was moderately sub-average, at 95.1.  Average is 115.  The year with the highest index number was 1933, at 258.57.  The Year 1926 was close, at 229.55.  Yet, the Year 2005 was even closer, at 250.12.  

None the less, some of the most furious hurricane seasons transpired while atmospheric co2 levels were a lot lower than today.   This topic has been repeatedly addressed in specificity, at the Blue Marble Album.  The top right-hand corner is where this website's search box is located, for those who really do care to learn a few extra things about life --- or a few needed things about life.

Concerning the A.C.E., it's the sum total of knots squared ... divided by 10,000 ... when measuring a cyclone's rotating wind speed every six hours.  By the way, a knot is 1.15 miles per hour.  Thus, 26 knots = 30 miles, and 80 knots is exactly 92 miles.  

The A.C.E. used to be called the Cyclone Destructive Potential Scale.  In fact, it's technically known as the Integrated Kinetic Energy Index.

Distinguishing Feature of 2022 Season:  This is the first season in 25 years, where there was no named storm throughout the entire month of August.   That doesn't sound much like a climate crisis.  Previously, this happened in 1997 and 1961.

The irony is that, during July and August of the same year, the media was announcing that the world was literally on fire, due to the burning of fossil fuels.  Detailed proof that this was a huge lie --- as it concerned the Greater London geography --- was published exclusively, at the Blue Marble Album, a few days after the very misleading and hysteric newscasts were aired.  Everyone else was way behind in uncovering the truth about today's Climate Liars & their false-light July reports. 

In brevity, there is a sensible reason to explain why there were no storms in August of 2022.  ANS:  Whenever such a thing occurs, it's always due to STRONGER VERTICAL WIND SHEAR (which see.)   Of course, it's also due to the vague-sounding "greater atmospheric stability."

If the Climate scenario of 2022 were as dire as the commercial media mouthpieces made it out to be, there would NOT have been a stormless August in the same 2022.  There would not have been the record cold weather in Australia, and there would not have been the series of record colds elsewhere on Earth in the first half of 2022, including Brazil.  And there certainly would not have been the most coral cover throughout the Great Barrie Reef in 36 years.

The 2022 replenishment of coral occurred in two of the three sectors of the reef.  The other third of the reef became a buffet table for hungry crown-of-thorn starfish.  Starfish did it; NOT co2 or any other greenhouse gas.  Incidentally, 90% of all greenhouse gases (by volume) is Water Vapor.  Water vapor carries zero carbon footprint.

Of course, those who line their pockets & pocketbooks with taxpayer dollars say that every year is the hottest year thus far.  Well, constantly stating this is an indictment upon the NOAA & NASA & government advisor scientists.  They say things are getting hotter, but they do nothing to make things cooler, after 34 years of hype that began with Jim Hansen in a senate subcommittee hearing (in June 1988).  Thus, their value, by their own admission, is nihil ... at least nil.

In as much, if every year is the hottest, year after year, then who needs any government scientist who do nothing to reverse the trend that they claim is occurring?  But of course, their doomsday claims come with altered data ... with their "amended" charts & graphs, all of which, when revised, ever-so-coincidentally show that the Earth is burning-up and melting away.  The same charts show opposite of what newspapers reported in the 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s.  Outdoor workers entirely disagree with cozy nerd-boy scientists whose alteration of raw data is their greatest accomplishment.

Of course, the raw temperature data is altered by the government, via "homogenization."  The government does NOT show the raw data to the public.  It only shows the altered data.  Dishonest people never show honest things to the public.

Anyway, the dishonest media claimed that hurricanes are now rougher and more frequent.  Well, there were below-average years and above-average years of recent ... and throughout the past.  There is no rising pattern and no decreasing pattern more than a few consecutive years ar a time.  Climate is cyclical, look a roller coaster, and sometimes mankind gets taken for a ride of historic proportions.  At other times, there is a lull in weather events.  For example, there was a 12 year period when no major hurricane made landfall in the United States.  That went from the end of Wilma, in 2005, until the arrival of Hurricane Harvey, in August of 2017.   Of course, the commercial media didn't present this fact in bright neon.

Since then, there has been a trend toward more named storms, but not the Category 6 storms Al Gore predicted. Actually, in the past three years, there have been more of those low-intensity storms called Tropical Storms (the chart is posted below).  Such a storm has a max wind speed of 39 to 73 miles per hour .  That's something very survivable. 

 And concerning the commercial media's constant claim that hurricane numbers are increasing, ===>  it only takes one hurricane to kill you.   Even at that, a tornado can kill you a whole lot faster and much more forcefully than a hurricane.  And the great irony here is that, in order for a deadly tornado to be formed, you need a COLD front.  Yes, cold air can be very deadly.  We live on Planet Earth.  None of us is getting out of here alive.  That's the reality check.  The ultimate question is:  What's beyond the horizon?  What's beyond every horizon in the universe?  Where do we go from here? 

The strongest Atlantic Hurricane in terms of wind speed did not form in this decade or in the last one.  It appeared 42 years ago, when co2 was 337 parts per million, and therefore 79 ppm lower than today.

The strongest hurricane in known history was Atlantic Ocean Hurricane Allen, in 1980 (Forty-two years ago --- a half a lifetime ago.)  It's wind speed was 190 miles per hour (mph).  This negates the claim that hurricanes are only now more furious than in decades past, due to the rise in atmospheric co2 levels.  In the Autumn of 1980, co2 was 337 parts per million.  That's 79 ppm LOWER than today.  The Pacific Ocean typhoons were more powerful than the Atlantic cyclones.  This is already covered elsewhere at the Blue Marble Album.

More Examples

The second most powerful hurricane in terms of wind speed is a four-way tie.  Four hurricanes traveled at 185 mph.  This included:  1} The 1935 Labor Day Hurricane, when the atmospheric co2 level was 309 ppm and therefore 107 ppm lower than today.   2} Gilbert in 1988, when co2 levels were 350 ppm and therefore 66 ppm lower than today.   3} Dorian in 2019.   4} Wilma in 2005.  

As further examples, there were 175 mph hurricanes as far back as 1932, 1955, 1969, 1977, & 1979.  Plus, there were hurricanes of the same speed as recent as 2005, 2007, and 2017.  All in all, the media is making it sound as if all of the most powerful hurricanes occurred in the past five to ten years, and that is a huge falsehood.  There is NO CORRELATION between atmospheric co2 levels and hurricane frequency ... and also hurricane intensity.

Here's another example:  Below is a list of the most powerful hurricane seasons.  Keep in mind that the ACE column on the chart stands for Accumulated Cyclone Energy.  

Now, as far as concerns the single most energy-filled hurricane in history (assessed by measuring wind speed every 6 hours) it was the 910 millibar Hurricane Ivan, in 2004.  It killed 64 in the Caribbean and 25 in the United States.  

But, as far as goes the most energy-endowed hurricane seasons, they included the Years 1893, 1926, 1933, 1950, and 1961.  That's 61 to 129 years ago, when co2 levels were significantly lower than today.   They also included recent years, as in 1998, 2004, 2005, and 2017.  (Add the Year 2020, as the tenth most active season on record.)  So, things come close enough to evening-out, when comparing the power of hurricanes of old and hurricanes of new.  That illustrates that there is NO immediate ocean-related climate crisis.

Take note that the Year 2020 has replaced 1998, as the 10th most energy-powered hurricane season on record.  It's A.C.E. was 184.  It hosted 16 tropical storms and 14 hurricanes, 6 of which were major ones. It had two more storms than the #2 most powerful A.C.E. season.  It had 10 more storms than the #1 most-energetic season, which was 1933.  And what makes a hurricane season more powerful?  ANS:  Lower low pressure within the storms and less vertical wind shear during the storms.

As far as goes the claim that America has recently been plagued with hurricanes, let's review:

By the way, 2021 had 21 storms in all.  14 of them were the weaker low pressure systems, known as tropical storms. 7of them were hurricanes, 4 of which were Category 3 and higher.  That was the year when Antarctica had its coldest winter known to science, and when numerous record high crop yields appeared throughout the world.

The Years 2011, 2010, & 2009 are missing from the list above.  In as much, in 2011, there were 19 storms w/ 12 of them having been tropical storms, and 7 having been hurricanes, 4 of which were major.  In 2010, there also were 19 storms.  12 were hurricanes, and 5 of those were major.  In 2009, there were only 9 storms w/ 3 hurricanes, 2 of which were major. 

While we're here:  The true ocean surface circulation are eddies --- gyres.

When it comes to explaining to novices ocean circulation, a map like this one is presented, when the Gyre Map needes to be presented.  This is because gyres are at the oceans' surfaces.  BTW, below you see the phrase, "DEEP COLD CURRENT."  All deep currents are cold; 39F, in fact.  None the less, the surface of all non-frozen oceans are gyres ... rotating tops, so the speak.  A little gyre is an eddy.

BELOW:  This is the reality, compliments of NASA, in a much more localized photo.  Take note of the very circular, gear-like eddies, especially toward the lower right hand side of this NASA photo.  In fact, eddies border that specific Equatorial lane of ocean water known as ENSO, aka the Equatorial El Nino /La Nina current.  Yes, the Pacific ENSO is bordered by eddies, aka small gyres --- round, watery gears.

You have been given 34 years of hyper-exaggeration, aka False-light disinformation.  It hasn't ended.  After all, Monsoon season is now being blamed on "the burning of fossil fuels."  Yet, Monsoons have been a part of Climate all along, due to the fact that pressure systems rotate according to the Coriolis Effect, and also due to the fact that Planet Earth has a 23 1/2 degree tilt to it ... ... and additionally due to the fact that the northern sector of the INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE literally travels as far north as mid-India.  That latitudinal floating action northeastward is India's monsoon season.

Concerning Monsoon Season in the American Southwest desert country, a high pressure air mass that's located partly on land and partly over the Gulf of Mexico serves the role of a gear turning clockwise, sending Gulf of Mexico water Northwest, into Arizona, Nevada, and Utah.  That clockwise high pressure system constitutes their monsoon season.   Of course, this is counter-intuitive & ironic, because "high pressure" usually means "dry air."  Well, when it's partially over water, such a system becomes a clockwise-rotating water pump.

Incidentally, NASA has recently confirmed that there are two simultaneous Intertropical Convergence Zones positioned parallel to each other.  One is in the Northern Hemisphere and the other one is in the Southern Hemisphere, with the Equator being the equilibrium point ... the return point ... of both zones.  NASA calls them TWIN CONVERGENCE ZONES. 

Here.  Lookie see:  https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/2628/twin-convergence-zones

The climate hype has to end.  So, the next time a hurricane comes, be respectful enough for the dead to be first buried and mourned, before giving your asinine conclusions about the cause of something which repeatedly brought intense destruction throughout the centuries, even when the atmospheric co2 level was below 300 ppm.  There is zero correlation between devastating hurricanes and co2 levels.  Hurricanes do NOT discriminate according to co2 levels.  A hurricane is an equal opportunity destroyer, no matter what be the year or what be the co2 level.