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| Above: Arctic Iceberg |
The Southern Ocean & the Arctic Ocean have super cooled water within their perimeters. After all, you're dealing with salt water, and salt melts the ice on your wintertime sidewalk. None the less, my understanding was that the polar waters get no cooler than 29.7 degrees FAHRENHEIT.
Then, came a recent 2023 paper, by Icelandic scientists who found that 28.7F Arctic Ocean water also exists. Thus, it's expected to find Arctic salt water that is at least 2.2 degrees Fahrenheit COLDER than the standard freezing point of water. And some of the salty Arctic water might even be 3.2 degrees Fahrenheit lower than the typical freezing point of water.
Super cooled water is water that does NOT melt at the usual temperature of 32F. It remains liquid even around the 29F & 30F vicinity. This knowledge is essential for novices to understand, due to the endless false-light propaganda which the commercial media and pushy politicians harp, concerning the Polar Caps not having the major ice age conditions of 25,000 years prior.
If the super cooled water in the Arctic were not super cooled, then the Arctic would have had a larger white cap in recent years. Yet, there remains an outrageously large sum of ice at both polar caps, anyway.
A former F-4 fighter pilot whose sole job it was to shoot down cold-war Russian bombers invading America from the Arctic told me that his time of flying over the Arctic Ocean (as a passenger on a military transport plane) ... aka the Polar Route ... made him feel as if he were on another planet. He described it as having flown over vast, desolate distances of white. Needless to say, the F-4 didn't last too long, in the America inventory. It wasn't needed.
That gentleman pilot is no longer with us. He departed this realm of existence in late May of 2024. The great irony is that his son ... as a very successful academic American ... became fluent in Russian. Go figure.
August 18, 1960 was the actual Start of the Satellite Era
On August 18, 1960, the CIA's CORONA Satellite system successfully produced more photographic coverage of the Soviet Union in one mission than did all previous U-2 flight missions combined. This was the turning point. This was the start of the Satellite Era, 19 years prior to 1979. And we have the Russian Commies to thank for this. After all, they are the ones who inspired the Americans to develop satellite imaging during the more intense phase of the 44-year-long Cold War.
Then, in April of 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first man launched into Space. In May of 1961, Alan Shepard become the second man to be so. Then, in 1962, John Glenn orbited Planet Earth three times, becoming a national hero. Finally, man landed on the Moon in 1969.
A Reality Check on Common Sense
You could not have had the advanced technology to land on the Moon without first having had standard Satellite Technology already accomplished. That technology for the United States began in 1958, with the launch of Explorer 1. It did NOT take an additional 21 years to finally arrive at the satellite era.
That is to say, you don't employ the scientific know-how to land on the Moon, and then have to wait an additional ten years, to finally get the technological know-how to launch a satellite and get it to orbit around Planet Earth, while performing the function of data collector & photographer.
Then came Pioneer 10, in 1972. It traveled outside of the Solar System, and scientists kept track of it until 2003, when its distance of travel reached the 7.5 billion mile mark. That was excellence in aerospace technology seven years before 1979. Thus, 1979 was NOT the start of any technological era. The Year 1979 was the first full year of constant satellite monitoring of the polar sea ice in both hemispheres, as was previously mentioned.
Next comes the Skylab series of Space Station missions which began in May of 1973. You don't have successful Skylab missions without having had prior success with satellite technology. There were FOUR skylab missions done in the 1970s, all before 1979.
Then came Voyager I and Voyager II, both launched in 1977. Those missions and the hardware attached to the missions were such expert productions that both Space explorers are in operation today. Voyager 1 has thus far travelled more than 15 billion miles, and Voyager 2 has thus far travelled more than 12 billion miles. Do you still have the audacity to claim that the Satellite Era did NOT begin until 1979?
Hundred of newspaper articles, captain's ship logs, almanacs, and magazine articles proved that CO2 and the Earth's temperature trends do NOT equate with each other. This has been repeatedly shown at the Blue Marble Album and elsewhere on the Internet.
The atmospheric textbook chapter involving PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCING is and was the settled science long before Al Gore's movie which was made. When the difference in temperature between the Poles and the Equator increase ... when the temperature difference between the two areas get further away from each other ... as during a cold period ... then the atmosphere gets MORE TURBULENT.
When the difference in temperature between the Poles and the Equator decreases ... when temperatures get closer to each other ... then Earth's atmosphere gets LESS TURBULENT. Thus, there are more turbulence-related natural disasters during cold periods and during warm periods.
Let's repeat: When the Poles start getting colder, but the Equator stays the same temperature, the atmosphere gets MORE TURBULENT. When the Poles get warmer, but the Equator stays the same, the atmosphere gets LESS TURBULENT. This is why there were disastrous storms during the Little Ice Age which ranged from 1284 to 1840. Once again: Cooling Trend = more turbulent. Warming Trend = less turbulent.
